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============================
``ctypes`` Utility Functions
============================

See Also
---------
load_library : Load a C library.
ndpointer : Array restype/argtype with verification.
as_ctypes : Create a ctypes array from an ndarray.
as_array : Create an ndarray from a ctypes array.

References
----------
.. [1] "SciPy Cookbook: ctypes", http://www.scipy.org/Cookbook/Ctypes

Examples
--------
Load the C library:

>>> _lib = np.ctypeslib.load_library('libmystuff', '.')     #doctest: +SKIP

Our result type, an ndarray that must be of type double, be 1-dimensional
and is C-contiguous in memory:

>>> array_1d_double = np.ctypeslib.ndpointer(
...                          dtype=np.double,
...                          ndim=1, flags='CONTIGUOUS')    #doctest: +SKIP

Our C-function typically takes an array and updates its values
in-place.  For example::

    void foo_func(double* x, int length)
    {
        int i;
        for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
            x[i] = i*i;
        }
    }

We wrap it using:

>>> _lib.foo_func.restype = None                      #doctest: +SKIP
>>> _lib.foo_func.argtypes = [array_1d_double, c_int] #doctest: +SKIP

Then, we're ready to call ``foo_func``:

>>> out = np.empty(15, dtype=np.double)
>>> _lib.foo_func(out, len(out))                #doctest: +SKIP

i(tdivisiontabsolute_importtprint_functiontload_libraryt	ndpointerttesttctypes_load_librarytc_intpt	as_ctypestas_arrayN(tintegertndarraytdtypet	deprecatetarray(t	_flagdicttflagsobjcO`std��dS(s�
        Dummy object that raises an ImportError if ctypes is not available.

        Raises
        ------
        ImportError
            If ctypes is not available.

        sctypes is not available.N(tImportError(targstkwds((sB/opt/alt/python27/lib64/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/ctypeslib.pyt_dummyCs
(tintpcC`satjdkr1ddl}|jddd�ntjj|�d}|s�ddlm}|�}||g}|d	t	�}||ks�|j
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        It is possible to load a library using 
        >>> lib = ctypes.cdll[<full_path_name>]

        But there are cross-platform considerations, such as library file extensions,
        plus the fact Windows will just load the first library it finds with that name.  
        NumPy supplies the load_library function as a convenience.

        Parameters
        ----------
        libname : str
            Name of the library, which can have 'lib' as a prefix,
            but without an extension.
        loader_path : str
            Where the library can be found.

        Returns
        -------
        ctypes.cdll[libpath] : library object
           A ctypes library object 

        Raises
        ------
        OSError
            If there is no library with the expected extension, or the 
            library is defective and cannot be loaded.
        s1.0.1iNsAAll features of ctypes interface may not work with ctypes < 1.0.1t
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    Array-checking restype/argtypes.

    An ndpointer instance is used to describe an ndarray in restypes
    and argtypes specifications.  This approach is more flexible than
    using, for example, ``POINTER(c_double)``, since several restrictions
    can be specified, which are verified upon calling the ctypes function.
    These include data type, number of dimensions, shape and flags.  If a
    given array does not satisfy the specified restrictions,
    a ``TypeError`` is raised.

    Parameters
    ----------
    dtype : data-type, optional
        Array data-type.
    ndim : int, optional
        Number of array dimensions.
    shape : tuple of ints, optional
        Array shape.
    flags : str or tuple of str
        Array flags; may be one or more of:

          - C_CONTIGUOUS / C / CONTIGUOUS
          - F_CONTIGUOUS / F / FORTRAN
          - OWNDATA / O
          - WRITEABLE / W
          - ALIGNED / A
          - UPDATEIFCOPY / U

    Returns
    -------
    klass : ndpointer type object
        A type object, which is an ``_ndtpr`` instance containing
        dtype, ndim, shape and flags information.

    Raises
    ------
    TypeError
        If a given array does not satisfy the specified restrictions.

    Examples
    --------
    >>> clib.somefunc.argtypes = [np.ctypeslib.ndpointer(dtype=np.float64,
    ...                                                  ndim=1,
    ...                                                  flags='C_CONTIGUOUS')]
    ... #doctest: +SKIP
    >>> clib.somefunc(np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=np.float64))
    ... #doctest: +SKIP

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			#



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