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Turtle graphics is a popular way for introducing programming to
kids. It was part of the original Logo programming language developed
by Wally Feurzig and Seymour Papert in 1966.

Imagine a robotic turtle starting at (0, 0) in the x-y plane. After an ``import turtle``, give it
the command turtle.forward(15), and it moves (on-screen!) 15 pixels in
the direction it is facing, drawing a line as it moves. Give it the
command turtle.right(25), and it rotates in-place 25 degrees clockwise.

By combining together these and similar commands, intricate shapes and
pictures can easily be drawn.

----- turtle.py

This module is an extended reimplementation of turtle.py from the
Python standard distribution up to Python 2.5. (See: http://www.python.org)

It tries to keep the merits of turtle.py and to be (nearly) 100%
compatible with it. This means in the first place to enable the
learning programmer to use all the commands, classes and methods
interactively when using the module from within IDLE run with
the -n switch.

Roughly it has the following features added:

- Better animation of the turtle movements, especially of turning the
  turtle. So the turtles can more easily be used as a visual feedback
  instrument by the (beginning) programmer.

- Different turtle shapes, gif-images as turtle shapes, user defined
  and user controllable turtle shapes, among them compound
  (multicolored) shapes. Turtle shapes can be stretched and tilted, which
  makes turtles very versatile geometrical objects.

- Fine control over turtle movement and screen updates via delay(),
  and enhanced tracer() and speed() methods.

- Aliases for the most commonly used commands, like fd for forward etc.,
  following the early Logo traditions. This reduces the boring work of
  typing long sequences of commands, which often occur in a natural way
  when kids try to program fancy pictures on their first encounter with
  turtle graphics.

- Turtles now have an undo()-method with configurable undo-buffer.

- Some simple commands/methods for creating event driven programs
  (mouse-, key-, timer-events). Especially useful for programming games.

- A scrollable Canvas class. The default scrollable Canvas can be
  extended interactively as needed while playing around with the turtle(s).

- A TurtleScreen class with methods controlling background color or
  background image, window and canvas size and other properties of the
  TurtleScreen.

- There is a method, setworldcoordinates(), to install a user defined
  coordinate-system for the TurtleScreen.

- The implementation uses a 2-vector class named Vec2D, derived from tuple.
  This class is public, so it can be imported by the application programmer,
  which makes certain types of computations very natural and compact.

- Appearance of the TurtleScreen and the Turtles at startup/import can be
  configured by means of a turtle.cfg configuration file.
  The default configuration mimics the appearance of the old turtle module.

- If configured appropriately the module reads in docstrings from a docstring
  dictionary in some different language, supplied separately  and replaces
  the English ones by those read in. There is a utility function
  write_docstringdict() to write a dictionary with the original (English)
  docstrings to disc, so it can serve as a template for translations.

Behind the scenes there are some features included with possible
extensions in mind. These will be commented and documented elsewhere.

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        >>> screen.bgpic()
        'landscape.gif'
        N)rr�r!rXr)r�Zpicnamer�r�r�r�szTurtleScreen.bgpiccCs|j|||�S)a�Resize the canvas the turtles are drawing on.

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        If no arguments are given, return current (canvaswidth, canvasheight)

        Do not alter the drawing window. To observe hidden parts of
        the canvas use the scrollbars. (Can make visible those parts
        of a drawing, which were outside the canvas before!)

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rr�g@)�standardzlogo�world)r(r)r�)r�r!r#�_fullcircle)r�rr�r�r�rs		zTNavigator._setmodecCsB||_d||_|jdkr1d|_n
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zTNavigator._setDegreesPerAUg�v@cCs|j|�dS)a> Set angle measurement units to degrees.

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        Set angle measurement units, i. e. set number
        of 'degrees' for a full circle. Dafault value is
        360 degrees.

        Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
        >>> turtle.left(90)
        >>> turtle.heading()
        90

        Change angle measurement unit to grad (also known as gon,
        grade, or gradian and equals 1/100-th of the right angle.)
        >>> turtle.degrees(400.0)
        >>> turtle.heading()
        100

        N)r-)r�r,r�r�r�r:szTNavigator.degreescCs|jdtj�dS)a Set the angle measurement units to radians.

        No arguments.

        Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
        >>> turtle.heading()
        90
        >>> turtle.radians()
        >>> turtle.heading()
        1.5707963267948966
        r�N)r-r�r�)r�r�r�r�r^4szTNavigator.radianscCs%|j|j|}|j|�dS)z)move turtle forward by specified distanceN)r%r'�_goto)r�r;Zender�r�r��_goBszTNavigator._gocCs&||j9}|jj|�|_dS)z=Turn turtle counterclockwise by specified angle if angle > 0.N)r+r'r�)r�r�r�r�r��_rotateGs
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||_dS)zmove turtle to position end.N)r%)r��endr�r�r�r.LszTNavigator._gotocCs|j|�dS)aMove the turtle forward by the specified distance.

        Aliases: forward | fd

        Argument:
        distance -- a number (integer or float)

        Move the turtle forward by the specified distance, in the direction
        the turtle is headed.

        Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
        >>> turtle.position()
        (0.00, 0.00)
        >>> turtle.forward(25)
        >>> turtle.position()
        (25.00,0.00)
        >>> turtle.forward(-75)
        >>> turtle.position()
        (-50.00,0.00)
        N)r/)r�r;r�r�r�rCPszTNavigator.forwardcCs|j|�dS)a�Move the turtle backward by distance.

        Aliases: back | backward | bk

        Argument:
        distance -- a number

        Move the turtle backward by distance ,opposite to the direction the
        turtle is headed. Do not change the turtle's heading.

        Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
        >>> turtle.position()
        (0.00, 0.00)
        >>> turtle.backward(30)
        >>> turtle.position()
        (-30.00, 0.00)
        N)r/)r�r;r�r�r�r/gszTNavigator.backcCs|j|�dS)a�Turn turtle right by angle units.

        Aliases: right | rt

        Argument:
        angle -- a number (integer or float)

        Turn turtle right by angle units. (Units are by default degrees,
        but can be set via the degrees() and radians() functions.)
        Angle orientation depends on mode. (See this.)

        Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
        >>> turtle.heading()
        22.0
        >>> turtle.right(45)
        >>> turtle.heading()
        337.0
        N)r0)r�r�r�r�r�r_{szTNavigator.rightcCs|j|�dS)a�Turn turtle left by angle units.

        Aliases: left | lt

        Argument:
        angle -- a number (integer or float)

        Turn turtle left by angle units. (Units are by default degrees,
        but can be set via the degrees() and radians() functions.)
        Angle orientation depends on mode. (See this.)

        Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
        >>> turtle.heading()
        22.0
        >>> turtle.left(45)
        >>> turtle.heading()
        67.0
        N)r0)r�r�r�r�r�rP�szTNavigator.leftcCs|jS)z�Return the turtle's current location (x,y), as a Vec2D-vector.

        Aliases: pos | position

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        )r%)r�r�r�r�r[�szTNavigator.poscCs|jdS)z� Return the turtle's x coordinate.

        No arguments.

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        50.0
        r)r%)r�r�r�r�r|�szTNavigator.xcorcCs|jdS)a	 Return the turtle's y coordinate
        ---
        No arguments.

        Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
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        >>> turtle.left(60)
        >>> turtle.forward(100)
        >>> print turtle.ycor()
        86.6025403784
        r�)r%)r�r�r�r�r}�szTNavigator.ycorcCs<|dkr"|jt|��n|jt||��dS)atMove turtle to an absolute position.

        Aliases: setpos | setposition | goto:

        Arguments:
        x -- a number      or     a pair/vector of numbers
        y -- a number             None

        call: goto(x, y)         # two coordinates
        --or: goto((x, y))       # a pair (tuple) of coordinates
        --or: goto(vec)          # e.g. as returned by pos()

        Move turtle to an absolute position. If the pen is down,
        a line will be drawn. The turtle's orientation does not change.

        Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
        >>> tp = turtle.pos()
        >>> tp
        (0.00, 0.00)
        >>> turtle.setpos(60,30)
        >>> turtle.pos()
        (60.00,30.00)
        >>> turtle.setpos((20,80))
        >>> turtle.pos()
        (20.00,80.00)
        >>> turtle.setpos(tp)
        >>> turtle.pos()
        (0.00,0.00)
        N)r.r)r�r�r�r�r�r�rI�szTNavigator.gotocCs!|jdd�|jd�dS)a$Move turtle to the origin - coordinates (0,0).

        No arguments.

        Move turtle to the origin - coordinates (0,0) and set its
        heading to its start-orientation (which depends on mode).

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        >>> turtle.home()
        rN)rIrd)r�r�r�r�rL�szTNavigator.homecCs!|jt||jd��dS)a�Set the turtle's first coordinate to x

        Argument:
        x -- a number (integer or float)

        Set the turtle's first coordinate to x, leave second coordinate
        unchanged.

        Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
        >>> turtle.position()
        (0.00, 240.00)
        >>> turtle.setx(10)
        >>> turtle.position()
        (10.00, 240.00)
        r�N)r.rr%)r�r�r�r�r�riszTNavigator.setxcCs!|jt|jd|��dS)a�Set the turtle's second coordinate to y

        Argument:
        y -- a number (integer or float)

        Set the turtle's first coordinate to x, second coordinate remains
        unchanged.

        Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
        >>> turtle.position()
        (0.00, 40.00)
        >>> turtle.sety(-10)
        >>> turtle.position()
        (0.00, -10.00)
        rN)r.rr%)r�r�r�r�r�rjszTNavigator.setycCs�|dk	rt||�}nt|t�r6|}n9t|t�rTt|�}nt|t�ro|j}nt||j�S)a�Return the distance from the turtle to (x,y) in turtle step units.

        Arguments:
        x -- a number   or  a pair/vector of numbers   or   a turtle instance
        y -- a number       None                            None

        call: distance(x, y)         # two coordinates
        --or: distance((x, y))       # a pair (tuple) of coordinates
        --or: distance(vec)          # e.g. as returned by pos()
        --or: distance(mypen)        # where mypen is another turtle

        Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
        >>> turtle.pos()
        (0.00, 0.00)
        >>> turtle.distance(30,40)
        50.0
        >>> pen = Turtle()
        >>> pen.forward(77)
        >>> turtle.distance(pen)
        77.0
        N)rr�r�rr%�abs)r�r�r�r[r�r�r�r;$s	zTNavigator.distancecCs�|dk	rt||�}nt|t�r6|}n9t|t�rTt|�}nt|t�ro|j}n||j\}}ttj||�dtjd�d}||j	}|j
|j||jS)aCReturn the angle of the line from the turtle's position to (x, y).

        Arguments:
        x -- a number   or  a pair/vector of numbers   or   a turtle instance
        y -- a number       None                            None

        call: distance(x, y)         # two coordinates
        --or: distance((x, y))       # a pair (tuple) of coordinates
        --or: distance(vec)          # e.g. as returned by pos()
        --or: distance(mypen)        # where mypen is another turtle

        Return the angle, between the line from turtle-position to position
        specified by x, y and the turtle's start orientation. (Depends on
        modes - "standard" or "logo")

        Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
        >>> turtle.pos()
        (10.00, 10.00)
        >>> turtle.towards(0,0)
        225.0
        Ng�f@r�g�v@)
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zTNavigator.towardscCs_|j\}}ttj||�dtjd�d}||j}|j|j||jS)z� Return the turtle's current heading.

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        g�f@r�g�v@)	r'r
r�r3r�r+r!r#r*)r�r�r�r4r�r�r�rJgs
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zTNavigator.headingcCsK||j�|j}|j}||d||d}|j|�dS)a�Set the orientation of the turtle to to_angle.

        Aliases:  setheading | seth

        Argument:
        to_angle -- a number (integer or float)

        Set the orientation of the turtle to to_angle.
        Here are some common directions in degrees:

         standard - mode:          logo-mode:
        -------------------|--------------------
           0 - east                0 - north
          90 - north              90 - east
         180 - west              180 - south
         270 - south             270 - west

        Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
        >>> turtle.setheading(90)
        >>> turtle.heading()
        90
        g@N)rJr#r*r0)r�Zto_angler��fullr�r�r�rdvs	zTNavigator.setheadingcCs�|jr+|jjdg�d|j_n|j�}|dkrO|j}n|dkr�t|�|j}dttdt|�dd�|�}nd||}d	|}d
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|j_ndS)a� Draw a circle with given radius.

        Arguments:
        radius -- a number
        extent (optional) -- a number
        steps (optional) -- an integer

        Draw a circle with given radius. The center is radius units left
        of the turtle; extent - an angle - determines which part of the
        circle is drawn. If extent is not given, draw the entire circle.
        If extent is not a full circle, one endpoint of the arc is the
        current pen position. Draw the arc in counterclockwise direction
        if radius is positive, otherwise in clockwise direction. Finally
        the direction of the turtle is changed by the amount of extent.

        As the circle is approximated by an inscribed regular polygon,
        steps determines the number of steps to use. If not given,
        it will be calculated automatically. Maybe used to draw regular
        polygons.

        call: circle(radius)                  # full circle
        --or: circle(radius, extent)          # arc
        --or: circle(radius, extent, steps)
        --or: circle(radius, steps=6)         # 6-sided polygon

        Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
        >>> turtle.circle(50)
        >>> turtle.circle(120, 180)  # semicircle
        �seqTNr��g@g�M@g�?g�?g@g�f@rF)r$rzryrpr*r2r��minr�r�r�r+�_tracerr7r0r]r/)r��radiusZextent�stepsrpZfracr%Zw2�lZtrZdlr[r�r�r�r4�s>	.
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	zTNavigator.circlecCsdS)z/dummy method - to be overwritten by child classNr�)r�r�r�r�r�rp�szTNavigator.speedcCsdS)z/dummy method - to be overwritten by child classNr�)r��arr�r�r�r9�szTNavigator._tracercCsdS)z/dummy method - to be overwritten by child classNr�)r�rr�r�r�r7�szTNavigator._delay).r�r�r�r�rr&ZDEFAULT_MODEr r"r�r`rr-r:r^r/r0r.rCr/r_rPr[r|r}rIrLrirjr;rurJrdr4rpr9r7r@r3r0rbrQr\rerfrcr�r�r�r�r�sZ
	
# #Arc@sNeZdZdZeddd�Zededdd�Zd	d
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ZeZeZd	S).�TPenzFDrawing part of the RawTurtle.
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_outlinewidth)r�rWrAr�r�r�r@�s										zTPen._resetNcCsB|dkr|jS|j�}|dkr>|jd|�ndS)azSet resizemode to one of the values: "auto", "user", "noresize".

        (Optional) Argument:
        rmode -- one of the strings "auto", "user", "noresize"

        Different resizemodes have the following effects:
          - "auto" adapts the appearance of the turtle
                   corresponding to the value of pensize.
          - "user" adapts the appearance of the turtle according to the
                   values of stretchfactor and outlinewidth (outline),
                   which are set by shapesize()
          - "noresize" no adaption of the turtle's appearance takes place.
        If no argument is given, return current resizemode.
        resizemode("user") is called by a call of shapesize with arguments.


        Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
        >>> turtle.resizemode("noresize")
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        'noresize'
        N�auto�userr�ra)rNzuserr�)r?rorV)r�Zrmoder�r�r�ra�s
zTPen.resizemodecCs'|dkr|jS|jd|�dS)a!Set or return the line thickness.

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        Argument:
        width -- positive number

        Set the line thickness to width or return it. If resizemode is set
        to "auto" and turtleshape is a polygon, that polygon is drawn with
        the same line thickness. If no argument is given, current pensize
        is returned.

        Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
        >>> turtle.pensize()
        1
        >>> turtle.pensize(10)   # from here on lines of width 10 are drawn
        NrY)rCrV)r�rzr�r�r�rYszTPen.pensizecCs!|js
dS|jdd�dS)z�Pull the pen up -- no drawing when moving.

        Aliases: penup | pu | up

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        >>> turtle.penup()
        NrXF)rGrV)r�r�r�r�rZ/s
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TPen.penupcCs!|jr
dS|jdd�dS)z�Pull the pen down -- drawing when moving.

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        >>> turtle.pendown()
        NrXT)rGrV)r�r�r�r�rX=s
	zTPen.pendowncCs|jS)aReturn True if pen is down, False if it's up.

        No argument.

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        >>> turtle.pendown()
        >>> turtle.isdown()
        True
        )rG)r�r�r�r�rNKs
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knr�tt|��}nd}|jd|�dS)a� Return or set the turtle's speed.

        Optional argument:
        speed -- an integer in the range 0..10 or a speedstring (see below)

        Set the turtle's speed to an integer value in the range 0 .. 10.
        If no argument is given: return current speed.

        If input is a number greater than 10 or smaller than 0.5,
        speed is set to 0.
        Speedstrings  are mapped to speedvalues in the following way:
            'fastest' :  0
            'fast'    :  10
            'normal'  :  6
            'slow'    :  3
            'slowest' :  1
        speeds from 1 to 10 enforce increasingly faster animation of
        line drawing and turtle turning.

        Attention:
        speed = 0 : *no* animation takes place. forward/back makes turtle jump
        and likewise left/right make the turtle turn instantly.

        Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
        >>> turtle.speed(3)
        rZfastestr�Zfastr��normalr�Zslowr�ZslowestNg�?g%@rp)rHr�r
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        Arguments:
        Several input formats are allowed.
        They use 0, 1, 2, or 3 arguments as follows:

        color()
            Return the current pencolor and the current fillcolor
            as a pair of color specification strings as are returned
            by pencolor and fillcolor.
        color(colorstring), color((r,g,b)), color(r,g,b)
            inputs as in pencolor, set both, fillcolor and pencolor,
            to the given value.
        color(colorstring1, colorstring2),
        color((r1,g1,b1), (r2,g2,b2))
            equivalent to pencolor(colorstring1) and fillcolor(colorstring2)
            and analogously, if the other input format is used.

        If turtleshape is a polygon, outline and interior of that polygon
        is drawn with the newly set colors.
        For mor info see: pencolor, fillcolor

        Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
        >>> turtle.color('red', 'green')
        >>> turtle.color()
        ('red', 'green')
        >>> colormode(255)
        >>> color((40, 80, 120), (160, 200, 240))
        >>> color()
        ('#285078', '#a0c8f0')
        r�rr�r�rWrAN)r^rrVrrErF)r�r
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TPen.colorcGsO|r;|j|�}||jkr(dS|jd|�n|j|j�SdS)aZ Return or set the pencolor.

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          - pencolor()
            Return the current pencolor as color specification string,
            possibly in hex-number format (see example).
            May be used as input to another color/pencolor/fillcolor call.
          - pencolor(colorstring)
            s is a Tk color specification string, such as "red" or "yellow"
          - pencolor((r, g, b))
            *a tuple* of r, g, and b, which represent, an RGB color,
            and each of r, g, and b are in the range 0..colormode,
            where colormode is either 1.0 or 255
          - pencolor(r, g, b)
            r, g, and b represent an RGB color, and each of r, g, and b
            are in the range 0..colormode

        If turtleshape is a polygon, the outline of that polygon is drawn
        with the newly set pencolor.

        Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
        >>> turtle.pencolor('brown')
        >>> tup = (0.2, 0.8, 0.55)
        >>> turtle.pencolor(tup)
        >>> turtle.pencolor()
        '#33cc8c'
        NrW)rrErVr)r�r
r9r�r�r�rW�sz
TPen.pencolorcGsO|r;|j|�}||jkr(dS|jd|�n|j|j�SdS)a] Return or set the fillcolor.

        Arguments:
        Four input formats are allowed:
          - fillcolor()
            Return the current fillcolor as color specification string,
            possibly in hex-number format (see example).
            May be used as input to another color/pencolor/fillcolor call.
          - fillcolor(colorstring)
            s is a Tk color specification string, such as "red" or "yellow"
          - fillcolor((r, g, b))
            *a tuple* of r, g, and b, which represent, an RGB color,
            and each of r, g, and b are in the range 0..colormode,
            where colormode is either 1.0 or 255
          - fillcolor(r, g, b)
            r, g, and b represent an RGB color, and each of r, g, and b
            are in the range 0..colormode

        If turtleshape is a polygon, the interior of that polygon is drawn
        with the newly set fillcolor.

        Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
        >>> turtle.fillcolor('violet')
        >>> col = turtle.pencolor()
        >>> turtle.fillcolor(col)
        >>> turtle.fillcolor(0, .5, 0)
        NrA)rrFrVr)r�r
r9r�r�r�rA�szTPen.fillcolorcCs|jdd�dS)z�Makes the turtle visible.

        Aliases: showturtle | st

        No argument.

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        >>> turtle.hideturtle()
        >>> turtle.showturtle()
        �shownTN)rV)r�r�r�r�ro�szTPen.showturtlecCs|jdd�dS)aYMakes the turtle invisible.

        Aliases: hideturtle | ht

        No argument.

        It's a good idea to do this while you're in the
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        the turtle speeds up the drawing observably.

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        >>> turtle.hideturtle()
        rQFN)rV)r�r�r�r�rK	szTPen.hideturtlecCs|jS)z�Return True if the Turtle is shown, False if it's hidden.

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        )rD)r�r�r�r�rO	s
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        with the following key/value pairs:
           "shown"      :   True/False
           "pendown"    :   True/False
           "pencolor"   :   color-string or color-tuple
           "fillcolor"  :   color-string or color-tuple
           "pensize"    :   positive number
           "speed"      :   number in range 0..10
           "resizemode" :   "auto" or "user" or "noresize"
           "stretchfactor": (positive number, positive number)
           "shearfactor":   number
           "outline"    :   positive number
           "tilt"       :   number

        This dictionary can be used as argument for a subsequent
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        Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
        >>> turtle.pen(fillcolor="black", pencolor="red", pensize=10)
        >>> turtle.pen()
        {'pensize': 10, 'shown': True, 'resizemode': 'auto', 'outline': 1,
        'pencolor': 'red', 'pendown': True, 'fillcolor': 'black',
        'stretchfactor': (1,1), 'speed': 3, 'shearfactor': 0.0}
        >>> penstate=turtle.pen()
        >>> turtle.color("yellow","")
        >>> turtle.penup()
        >>> turtle.pen()
        {'pensize': 10, 'shown': True, 'resizemode': 'auto', 'outline': 1,
        'pencolor': 'yellow', 'pendown': False, 'fillcolor': '',
        'stretchfactor': (1,1), 'speed': 3, 'shearfactor': 0.0}
        >>> p.pen(penstate, fillcolor="green")
        >>> p.pen()
        {'pensize': 10, 'shown': True, 'resizemode': 'auto', 'outline': 1,
        'pencolor': 'red', 'pendown': True, 'fillcolor': 'green',
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        Shape with name must exist in the TurtleScreen's shape dictionary.
        Initially there are the following polygon shapes:
        'arrow', 'turtle', 'circle', 'square', 'triangle', 'classic'.
        To learn about how to deal with shapes see Screen-method register_shape.

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        Set resizemode to "user".
        If and only if resizemode is set to "user", the turtle will be displayed
        stretched according to its stretchfactors:
        stretch_wid is stretchfactor perpendicular to orientation
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        If shear is not given: return the current shearfactor, i. e. the
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        Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
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        If angle is not given: return the current tilt-angle, i. e. the angle
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        Deprecated since Python 3.1

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        Modify stretchfactor, shearfactor and tiltangle according to the
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