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Turtle graphics is a popular way for introducing programming to
kids. It was part of the original Logo programming language developed
by Wally Feurzig and Seymour Papert in 1966.
Imagine a robotic turtle starting at (0, 0) in the x-y plane. After an ``import turtle``, give it
the command turtle.forward(15), and it moves (on-screen!) 15 pixels in
the direction it is facing, drawing a line as it moves. Give it the
command turtle.right(25), and it rotates in-place 25 degrees clockwise.
By combining together these and similar commands, intricate shapes and
pictures can easily be drawn.
----- turtle.py
This module is an extended reimplementation of turtle.py from the
Python standard distribution up to Python 2.5. (See: http://www.python.org)
It tries to keep the merits of turtle.py and to be (nearly) 100%
compatible with it. This means in the first place to enable the
learning programmer to use all the commands, classes and methods
interactively when using the module from within IDLE run with
the -n switch.
Roughly it has the following features added:
- Better animation of the turtle movements, especially of turning the
turtle. So the turtles can more easily be used as a visual feedback
instrument by the (beginning) programmer.
- Different turtle shapes, gif-images as turtle shapes, user defined
and user controllable turtle shapes, among them compound
(multicolored) shapes. Turtle shapes can be stretched and tilted, which
makes turtles very versatile geometrical objects.
- Fine control over turtle movement and screen updates via delay(),
and enhanced tracer() and speed() methods.
- Aliases for the most commonly used commands, like fd for forward etc.,
following the early Logo traditions. This reduces the boring work of
typing long sequences of commands, which often occur in a natural way
when kids try to program fancy pictures on their first encounter with
turtle graphics.
- Turtles now have an undo()-method with configurable undo-buffer.
- Some simple commands/methods for creating event driven programs
(mouse-, key-, timer-events). Especially useful for programming games.
- A scrollable Canvas class. The default scrollable Canvas can be
extended interactively as needed while playing around with the turtle(s).
- A TurtleScreen class with methods controlling background color or
background image, window and canvas size and other properties of the
TurtleScreen.
- There is a method, setworldcoordinates(), to install a user defined
coordinate-system for the TurtleScreen.
- The implementation uses a 2-vector class named Vec2D, derived from tuple.
This class is public, so it can be imported by the application programmer,
which makes certain types of computations very natural and compact.
- Appearance of the TurtleScreen and the Turtles at startup/import can be
configured by means of a turtle.cfg configuration file.
The default configuration mimics the appearance of the old turtle module.
- If configured appropriately the module reads in docstrings from a docstring
dictionary in some different language, supplied separately and replaces
the English ones by those read in. There is a utility function
write_docstringdict() to write a dictionary with the original (English)
docstrings to disc, so it can serve as a template for translations.
Behind the scenes there are some features included with possible
extensions in mind. These will be commented and documented elsewhere.
u- turtle 1.1b- - for Python 3.1 - 4. 5. 2009i N( u isfileu splitu join( u deepcopy( u simpledialogu ScrolledCanvasu TurtleScreenu Screenu RawTurtleu Turtleu RawPenu Penu Shapeu Vec2Du addshapeu bgcoloru bgpicu byeu clearscreenu colormodeu delayu exitonclicku getcanvasu getshapesu listenu mainloopu modeu numinputu onkeyu
onkeypressu onkeyreleaseu
onscreenclicku ontimeru register_shapeu resetscreenu
screensizeu setupu setworldcoordinatesu textinputu titleu traceru turtlesu updateu
window_heightu window_widthu backu backwardu
begin_fillu
begin_polyu bku circleu clearu
clearstampu clearstampsu cloneu coloru degreesu distanceu dotu downu end_fillu end_polyu fdu fillcoloru fillingu forwardu get_polyu getpenu getscreenu
get_shapepolyu getturtleu gotou headingu
hideturtleu homeu htu isdownu isvisibleu leftu ltu onclicku ondragu onreleaseu pdu penu pencoloru pendownu pensizeu penupu posu positionu puu radiansu rightu resetu
resizemodeu rtu sethu
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exampleturtleu screenu
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using_IDLEc C s t | d � � } | j � } Wd QXi } x� | D]� } | j � } | s1 | j d � r_ q1 n y | j d � \ } } Wn t d | | f � w1 Yn X| j � } | j � } | d k r� t | � } n6 y+ d | k r� t | � } n t | � } Wn Yn X| | | <q1 W| S(
u/ Convert content of config-file into dictionary.u rNu #u =u Bad line in config-file %s:
%su Trueu Falseu Noneu ''u ""u .( u Trueu Falseu Noneu ''u ""( u openu readlinesu stripu
startswithu splitu printu evalu floatu int( u filenameu fu cfglinesu cfgdictu lineu keyu value( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu config_dict� s0
u config_dictc C s� d } i } i } t | � r- t | � } n d | k rJ d | d } n y% t t � \ } } t | | � } Wn d } Yn Xt | � r� t | � } n t j | � t j | � d S( u@ Read config-files, change configuration-dict accordingly.
If there is a turtle.cfg file in the current working directory,
read it from there. If this contains an importconfig-value,
say 'myway', construct filename turtle_mayway.cfg else use
turtle.cfg and read it from the import-directory, where
turtle.py is located.
Update configuration dictionary first according to config-file,
in the import directory, then according to config-file in the
current working directory.
If no config-file is found, the default configuration is used.
u
turtle.cfgu importconfigu
turtle_%s.cfgu N( u isfileu config_dictu splitu __file__u joinu _CFGu update( u cfgdictu default_cfgu cfgdict1u cfgdict2u headu tailu cfg_file2( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
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d S( u Vec2Du� A 2 dimensional vector class, used as a helper class
for implementing turtle graphics.
May be useful for turtle graphics programs also.
Derived from tuple, so a vector is a tuple!
Provides (for a, b vectors, k number):
a+b vector addition
a-b vector subtraction
a*b inner product
k*a and a*k multiplication with scalar
|a| absolute value of a
a.rotate(angle) rotation
c C s t j | | | f � S( N( u tupleu __new__( u clsu xu y( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu __new__� s u
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Vec2D.__abs__c C s} t | d | d � } | t j d } t j | � t j | � } } t | d | | d | | d | | d | � S( u. rotate self counterclockwise by angle
i i g �f@( u Vec2Du mathu piu cosu sin( u selfu angleu perpu cu s( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu rotate
s u Vec2D.rotatec C s | d | d f S( Ni i ( ( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu __getnewargs__ s u Vec2D.__getnewargs__c C s d | S( Nu (%.2f,%.2f)( ( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu __repr__ s u Vec2D.__repr__N( u __name__u
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c C s} t | j � } | j � x | D] } t | | � q Wx? | j j � D]. \ } } t | � t j k rG | | | <qG qG Wd S( u# helper function for Scrolled CanvasN( u listu __bases__u reverseu __methodDictu __dict__u itemsu typeu typesu FunctionType( u clsu _dictu baseListu _superu keyu value( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu __methodDict s
u __methodDictc C s i } t | | � | j � S( u# helper function for Scrolled Canvas( u __methodDictu keys( u clsu _dict( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu __methods) s
u __methodsu* def %(method)s(self, *args, **kw): return u* self.%(attribute)s.%(method)s(*args, **kw)c C s i } t | | � i } t | � } xi | j � D][ } | d d � d k s� | d d � d k s� | | k s� | | k r q2 | | | | <q2 Wxy | j � D]k \ } } i | d 6| d 6}
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d d � Z d S( u ScrolledCanvasu� Modeled after the scrolled canvas class from Grayons's Tkinter book.
Used as the default canvas, which pops up automatically when
using turtle graphics functions or the Turtle class.
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t j j | | d | d | �| j � | _ | | | _ | _ | | | _ | _ d | _ t j
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canvheightu bgu Canvasu SUNKENu _canvasu Scrollbaru xviewu
HORIZONTALu hscrollu yviewu vscrollu configureu setu rowconfigureu columnconfigureu gridu resetu bindu onResize( u selfu masteru widthu heightu canvwidthu
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u ScrolledCanvas.__init__c C s� | r | | _ n | r$ | | _ n | r6 | | _ n | j j d | d | j d | j d | j d | j d f � | j j d | j | j d | j � | j j d | j | j d | j � | j � d S( u< Adjust canvas and scrollbars according to given canvas size.u bgu scrollregioni g �?i N(
u canvwidthu
canvheightu bgu _canvasu configu xview_movetou widthu yview_movetou heightu
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g �?u padxi u in_u padyu rowu columni u rowspanu
columnspanu stickyu newsN( u _canvasu winfo_widthu winfo_heightu xview_movetou canvwidthu yview_movetou
canvheightu hscrollu gridu vscrollu grid_forget( u selfu cwidthu cheight( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
adjustScrollsy s "" $$
u ScrolledCanvas.adjustScrollsc C s | j � d S( u self-explanatoryN( u
adjustScrolls( u selfu event( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu onResize� s u ScrolledCanvas.onResizec G s | j j | � S( u@ 'forward' method, which canvas itself has inherited...
( u _canvasu bbox( u selfu args( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu bbox� s u ScrolledCanvas.bboxc O s | j j | | � S( u@ 'forward' method, which canvas itself has inherited...
( u _canvasu cget( u selfu argsu kwargs( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu cget� s u ScrolledCanvas.cgetc O s | j j | | � d S( u@ 'forward' method, which canvas itself has inherited...
N( u _canvasu config( u selfu argsu kwargs( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu config� s u ScrolledCanvas.configc O s | j j | | � d S( u@ 'forward' method, which canvas itself has inherited...
N( u _canvasu bind( u selfu argsu kwargs( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu bind� s u ScrolledCanvas.bindc O s | j j | | � d S( u@ 'forward' method, which canvas itself has inherited...
N( u _canvasu unbind( u selfu argsu kwargs( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu unbind� s u ScrolledCanvas.unbindc C s | j j � d S( u@ 'forward' method, which canvas itself has inherited...
N( u _canvasu focus_force( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu focus_force� s u ScrolledCanvas.focus_forceN( u __name__u
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d S( u _Rootu' Root class for Screen based on Tkinter.c C s t j j | � d S( N( u TKu Tku __init__( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu __init__� s u _Root.__init__c C s8 t | | | | | � | _ | j j d d d d � d S( Nu expandi u fillu both( u ScrolledCanvasu _canvasu pack( u selfu widthu heightu cwidthu cheight( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu setupcanvas� s u _Root.setupcanvasc C s | j S( N( u _canvas( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
_getcanvas� s u _Root._getcanvasc C s! | j d | | | | f � d S( Nu %dx%d%+d%+d( u geometry( u selfu widthu heightu startxu starty( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu set_geometry� s u _Root.set_geometryc C s | j d | � d S( Nu WM_DELETE_WINDOW( u wm_protocol( u selfu destroy( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu ondestroy� s u _Root.ondestroyc C s
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d d � Z d d � Z d d � Z d d � Z dE d d � Z d d � Z d dE d d � Z d dE d d � Z d dE d! d" � Z d dE d# d$ � Z d% d& � Z dE d' d( � Z d) d* � Z d+ d, � Z d- d. � Z d/ d0 � Z d1 d2 � Z d3 d4 � Z d5 d6 � Z d7 d8 � Z! d9 d: � Z" dE dE dE d; d< � Z# d= d> � Z$ d? d@ � Z% dA dB � Z& dE dE dE dC dD � Z' dE S(G u TurtleScreenBaseu� Provide the basic graphics functionality.
Interface between Tkinter and turtle.py.
To port turtle.py to some different graphics toolkit
a corresponding TurtleScreenBase class has to be implemented.
c C s& t j d d d d � } | j � | S( u$ return a blank image object
u widthi u height( u TKu
PhotoImageu blank( u img( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _blankimage� s
u TurtleScreenBase._blankimagec C s t j d | � S( u` return an image object containing the
imagedata from a gif-file named filename.
u file( u TKu
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u cvu
isinstanceu ScrolledCanvasu canvwidthu
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i u fillu u outline( i i i i i i ( u cvu create_polygon( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _createpoly� s u TurtleScreenBase._createpolyc
C s� g } x= | D]5 \ } } | j | | j � | j | | j � q
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arguments:
coordlist is sequence of coordinates
fill is filling color
outline is outline color
top is a boolean value, which specifies if polyitem
will be put on top of the canvas' displaylist so it
will not be covered by other items.
u fillu outlineu widthN( u appendu xscaleu yscaleu cvu coordsu Noneu
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i u fillu u widthi u capstyle( u cvu create_lineu TKu ROUND( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _createline s $u TurtleScreenBase._createlinec C s� | d k rh g } x= | D]5 \ } } | j | | j � | j | | j � q W| j j | | � n | d k r� | j j | d | �n | d k r� | j j | d | �n | r� | j j | � n d S( uQ Configure lineitem according to provided arguments:
coordlist is sequence of coordinates
fill is drawing color
width is width of drawn line.
top is a boolean value, which specifies if polyitem
will be put on top of the canvas' displaylist so it
will not be covered by other items.
u fillu widthN( u Noneu appendu xscaleu yscaleu cvu coordsu
itemconfigureu tag_raise( u selfu lineitemu coordlistu fillu widthu topu clu xu y( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _drawline s
u TurtleScreenBase._drawlinec C s | j j | � d S( u] Delete graphics item from canvas.
If item is"all" delete all graphics items.
N( u cvu delete( u selfu item( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _delete( s u TurtleScreenBase._deletec C s | j j � d S( u( Redraw graphics items on canvas
N( u cvu update( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _update. s u TurtleScreenBase._updatec C s | j j | � d S( u- Delay subsequent canvas actions for delay ms.N( u cvu after( u selfu delay( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _delay3 s u TurtleScreenBase._delayc C s> y | j j | � } d } Wn t j k
r9 d } Yn X| S( uC Check if the string color is a legal Tkinter color string.
TF( u cvu winfo_rgbu Trueu TKu TclErroru False( u selfu coloru rgbu ok( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _iscolorstring7 s
u TurtleScreenBase._iscolorstringc C s@ | d k r, | j j d | � | j � n | j j d � Sd S( uV Set canvas' backgroundcolor if color is not None,
else return backgroundcolor.u bgN( u Noneu cvu configu _updateu cget( u selfu color( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _bgcolorA s
u TurtleScreenBase._bgcolorc C s� | \ } } | | j } | | j } i d d 6d d 6d d 6} | j j | d | d | d | | d
| d | �} | j j | � \ }
} } }
| j j � | | d f S( u� Write txt at pos in canvas with specified font
and color.
Return text item and x-coord of right bottom corner
of text's bounding box.u swu leftu su centeru seu righti u textu anchoru fillu font( u xscaleu yscaleu cvu create_textu bboxu update( u selfu posu txtu alignu fontu pencoloru xu yu anchoru itemu x0u y0u x1u y1( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _writeJ s
'
u TurtleScreenBase._writei c s\ � d k r& � j j | d | � n2 � � f d d � } � j j | d | | | � d S( u� Bind fun to mouse-click event on turtle.
fun must be a function with two arguments, the coordinates
of the clicked point on the canvas.
num, the number of the mouse-button defaults to 1
u <Button-%s>c sK � j j | j � � j � j j | j � � j } } � | | � d S( N( u cvu canvasxu xu xscaleu canvasyu yu yscale( u eventu xu y( u funu self( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu eventfune s !u+ TurtleScreenBase._onclick.<locals>.eventfunN( u Noneu cvu
tag_unbindu tag_bind( u selfu itemu funu numu addu eventfun( ( u funu selfu+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _onclick\ s u TurtleScreenBase._onclickc s\ � d k r& � j j | d | � n2 � � f d d � } � j j | d | | | � d S( ug Bind fun to mouse-button-release event on turtle.
fun must be a function with two arguments, the coordinates
of the point on the canvas where mouse button is released.
num, the number of the mouse-button defaults to 1
If a turtle is clicked, first _onclick-event will be performed,
then _onscreensclick-event.
u <Button%s-ButtonRelease>c sK � j j | j � � j � j j | j � � j } } � | | � d S( N( u cvu canvasxu xu xscaleu canvasyu yu yscale( u eventu xu y( u funu self( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu eventfunw s !u- TurtleScreenBase._onrelease.<locals>.eventfunN( u Noneu cvu
tag_unbindu tag_bind( u selfu itemu funu numu addu eventfun( ( u funu selfu+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
_onreleasek s
u TurtleScreenBase._onreleasec s\ � d k r& � j j | d | � n2 � � f d d � } � j j | d | | | � d S( uq Bind fun to mouse-move-event (with pressed mouse button) on turtle.
fun must be a function with two arguments, the coordinates of the
actual mouse position on the canvas.
num, the number of the mouse-button defaults to 1
Every sequence of mouse-move-events on a turtle is preceded by a
mouse-click event on that turtle.
u <Button%s-Motion>c sZ yK � j j | j � � j � j j | j � � j } } � | | � Wn Yn Xd S( N( u cvu canvasxu xu xscaleu canvasyu yu yscale( u eventu xu y( u funu self( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu eventfun� s !u* TurtleScreenBase._ondrag.<locals>.eventfunN( u Noneu cvu
tag_unbindu tag_bind( u selfu itemu funu numu addu eventfun( ( u funu selfu+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _ondrag~ s u TurtleScreenBase._ondragc sV � d k r# � j j d | � n/ � � f d d � } � j j d | | | � d S( uG Bind fun to mouse-click event on canvas.
fun must be a function with two arguments, the coordinates
of the clicked point on the canvas.
num, the number of the mouse-button defaults to 1
If a turtle is clicked, first _onclick-event will be performed,
then _onscreensclick-event.
u <Button-%s>c sK � j j | j � � j � j j | j � � j } } � | | � d S( N( u cvu canvasxu xu xscaleu canvasyu yu yscale( u eventu xu y( u funu self( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu eventfun� s !u1 TurtleScreenBase._onscreenclick.<locals>.eventfunN( u Noneu cvu unbindu bind( u selfu funu numu addu eventfun( ( u funu selfu+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _onscreenclick� s u TurtleScreenBase._onscreenclickc sS � d k r& | j j d | d � n) � f d d � } | j j d | | � d S( u` Bind fun to key-release event of key.
Canvas must have focus. See method listen
u <KeyRelease-%s>c s � � d S( N( ( u event( u fun( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu eventfun� s u0 TurtleScreenBase._onkeyrelease.<locals>.eventfunN( u Noneu cvu unbindu bind( u selfu funu keyu eventfun( ( u funu+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
_onkeyrelease� s u TurtleScreenBase._onkeyreleasec s� � d k rH | d k r. | j j d d � q� | j j d | d � nK � f d d � } | d k r| | j j d | � n | j j d | | � d S( u� If key is given, bind fun to key-press event of key.
Otherwise bind fun to any key-press.
Canvas must have focus. See method listen.
u
<KeyPress>u
<KeyPress-%s>c s � � d S( N( ( u event( u fun( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu eventfun� s u. TurtleScreenBase._onkeypress.<locals>.eventfunN( u Noneu cvu unbindu bind( u selfu funu keyu eventfun( ( u funu+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _onkeypress� s u TurtleScreenBase._onkeypressc C s | j j � d S( u= Set focus on canvas (in order to collect key-events)
N( u cvu focus_force( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _listen� s u TurtleScreenBase._listenc C s6 | d k r | j j | � n | j j | | � d S( u? Install a timer, which calls fun after t milliseconds.
i N( u cvu
after_idleu after( u selfu funu t( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _ontimer� s u TurtleScreenBase._ontimerc C s | j j d d d | �S( u0 Create and return image item on canvas.
i u image( u cvu create_image( u selfu image( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _createimage� s u TurtleScreenBase._createimagec C sN | \ } } | j j | | | j | | j f � | j j | d | �d S( uZ Configure image item as to draw image object
at position (x,y) on canvas)
u imageN( u cvu coordsu xscaleu yscaleu
itemconfig( u selfu itemu posu imageu xu y( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
_drawimage� s (u TurtleScreenBase._drawimagec C s* | j j | d | �| j j | � d S( u� Configure image item as to draw image object
at center of canvas. Set item to the first item
in the displaylist, so it will be drawn below
any other item .u imageN( u cvu
itemconfigu tag_lower( u selfu itemu image( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _setbgpic� s u TurtleScreenBase._setbgpicc C s | j j | � S( uQ Return 'line' or 'polygon' or 'image' depending on
type of item.
( u cvu type( u selfu item( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _type� s u TurtleScreenBase._typec sA | j j | � � � f d d � t d t � � d � D� } | S( u returns list of coordinate-pairs of points of item
Example (for insiders):
>>> from turtle import *
>>> getscreen()._pointlist(getturtle().turtle._item)
[(0.0, 9.9999999999999982), (0.0, -9.9999999999999982),
(9.9999999999999982, 0.0)]
>>> c s) g | ] } � | � | d f � q S( i ( ( u .0u i( u cl( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
<listcomp>� s u/ TurtleScreenBase._pointlist.<locals>.<listcomp>i i ( u cvu coordsu rangeu len( u selfu itemu pl( ( u clu+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
_pointlist� s +u TurtleScreenBase._pointlistc C s# | j j d | | | | f � d S( Nu scrollregion( u cvu config( u selfu srx1u sry1u srx2u sry2( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _setscrollregion� s u! TurtleScreenBase._setscrollregionc C s� | j j � } x� | D]� } t | j j | � � } g } xR | r� | d d � \ } } | j | | � | j | | � | d d � } q= W| j j | | � q Wd S( Ni ( u cvu find_allu listu coordsu append( u selfu xscalefactoru yscalefactoru itemsu itemu coordinatesu newcoordlistu xu y( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _rescale� s
u TurtleScreenBase._rescalec C s� t | j t � s" | j | j f S| | k oD | k oD d k n r_ | j j | j j f S| d k rw | | _ n | d k r� | | _ n | j j | | | � d S( ua Resize the canvas the turtles are drawing on. Does
not alter the drawing window.
N( u
isinstanceu cvu ScrolledCanvasu canvwidthu
canvheightu Noneu reset( u selfu canvwidthu
canvheightu bg( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _resize s ' u TurtleScreenBase._resizec C s` | j j � } | d k r+ | j d } n | j j � } | d k rV | j d } n | | f S( u; Return the width and height of the turtle window.
i u widthu height( u cvu winfo_widthu winfo_height( u selfu widthu height( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _window_size s u TurtleScreenBase._window_sizec C s t j � d S( u{ Starts event loop - calling Tkinter's mainloop function.
No argument.
Must be last statement in a turtle graphics program.
Must NOT be used if a script is run from within IDLE in -n mode
(No subprocess) - for interactive use of turtle graphics.
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.mainloop()
N( u TKu mainloop( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu mainloop s
u TurtleScreenBase.mainloopc C s t j | | � S( u� Pop up a dialog window for input of a string.
Arguments: title is the title of the dialog window,
prompt is a text mostly describing what information to input.
Return the string input
If the dialog is canceled, return None.
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.textinput("NIM", "Name of first player:")
( u simpledialogu askstring( u selfu titleu prompt( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu textinput. s
u TurtleScreenBase.textinputc C s" t j | | d | d | d | �S( u� Pop up a dialog window for input of a number.
Arguments: title is the title of the dialog window,
prompt is a text mostly describing what numerical information to input.
default: default value
minval: minimum value for imput
maxval: maximum value for input
The number input must be in the range minval .. maxval if these are
given. If not, a hint is issued and the dialog remains open for
correction. Return the number input.
If the dialog is canceled, return None.
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.numinput("Poker", "Your stakes:", 1000, minval=10, maxval=10000)
u initialvalueu minvalueu maxvalue( u simpledialogu askfloat( u selfu titleu promptu defaultu minvalu maxval( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu numinput= s u TurtleScreenBase.numinputNF(( u __name__u
__module__u __qualname__u __doc__u staticmethodu _blankimageu _imageu __init__u _createpolyu Noneu Falseu _drawpolyu _createlineu _drawlineu _deleteu _updateu _delayu _iscolorstringu _bgcoloru _writeu _onclicku
_onreleaseu _ondragu _onscreenclicku
_onkeyreleaseu _onkeypressu _listenu _ontimeru _createimageu
_drawimageu _setbgpicu _typeu
_pointlistu _setscrollregionu _rescaleu _resizeu _window_sizeu mainloopu textinputu numinput( u
__locals__( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu TurtleScreenBase� sH
u TurtleScreenBasec B s | Ee Z d Z d Z d S( u
Terminatoru� Will be raised in TurtleScreen.update, if _RUNNING becomes False.
This stops execution of a turtle graphics script.
Main purpose: use in the Demo-Viewer turtle.Demo.py.
N( u __name__u
__module__u __qualname__u __doc__( u
__locals__( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
TerminatorX s u
Terminatorc B s | Ee Z d Z d Z d S( u TurtleGraphicsErroru Some TurtleGraphics Error
N( u __name__u
__module__u __qualname__u __doc__( u
__locals__( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu TurtleGraphicsErrora s u TurtleGraphicsErrorc B s8 | Ee Z d Z d Z d d d � Z d d d � Z d S( u Shapeu� Data structure modeling shapes.
attribute _type is one of "polygon", "image", "compound"
attribute _data is - depending on _type a poygon-tuple,
an image or a list constructed using the addcomponent method.
c C s� | | _ | d k r6 t | t � r� t | � } q� ny | d k r� t | t � r� | j � j d � r� t | � r� t j | � } q� q� n% | d k r� g } n t
d | � � | | _ d S( Nu polygonu imageu .gifu compoundu There is no shape type %s( u _typeu
isinstanceu listu tupleu stru loweru endswithu isfileu TurtleScreenu _imageu TurtleGraphicsErroru _data( u selfu type_u data( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu __init__m s ! u Shape.__init__c C sW | j d k r% t d | j � � n | d k r: | } n | j j | | | g � d S( u- Add component to a shape of type compound.
Arguments: poly is a polygon, i. e. a tuple of number pairs.
fill is the fillcolor of the component,
outline is the outline color of the component.
call (for a Shapeobject namend s):
-- s.addcomponent(((0,0), (10,10), (-10,10)), "red", "blue")
Example:
>>> poly = ((0,0),(10,-5),(0,10),(-10,-5))
>>> s = Shape("compound")
>>> s.addcomponent(poly, "red", "blue")
>>> # .. add more components and then use register_shape()
u compoundu Cannot add component to %s ShapeN( u _typeu TurtleGraphicsErroru Noneu _datau append( u selfu polyu fillu outline( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu addcomponent} s u Shape.addcomponentN( u __name__u
__module__u __qualname__u __doc__u Noneu __init__u addcomponent( u
__locals__( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu Shapef s c B sh | Ee Z d Z d Z d d d � Z d d d � Z d d � Z d d
� Z d d � Z d
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c C s2 | | _ d g g | | _ d | _ d | _ d S( Ni i����F( u bufsizeu Noneu bufferu ptru Falseu cumulate( u selfu bufsize( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu __init__� s u Tbuffer.__init__c C sb | d k r9 xF t | j � D] } d g | j | <q Wn | | _ d g g | | _ d | _ d S( Ni i����( u Noneu rangeu bufsizeu bufferu ptr( u selfu bufsizeu i( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu reset� s u
Tbuffer.resetc C s` | j d k r\ | j sB | j d | j | _ | | j | j <q\ | j | j j | � n d S( Ni i ( u bufsizeu cumulateu ptru bufferu append( u selfu item( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu push� s
u Tbuffer.pushc C sd | j d k r` | j | j } | d k r/ d Sd g | j | j <| j d | j | _ | Sn d S( Ni i ( u bufsizeu bufferu ptru None( u selfu item( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu pop� s u Tbuffer.popc C s | j | j j d g � S( N( u bufsizeu bufferu countu None( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu nr_of_items� s u Tbuffer.nr_of_itemsc C s t | j � d t | j � S( Nu ( u stru bufferu ptr( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu __repr__� s u Tbuffer.__repr__N( u __name__u
__module__u __qualname__u __doc__u __init__u Noneu resetu pushu popu nr_of_itemsu __repr__( u
__locals__( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu Tbuffer� s u Tbufferc B s� | Ee Z d Z d Z d< Z e d e d e d d d � Z d d � Z d; d d
� Z
d d � Z d; d
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d d � Z d; d d � Z d d � Z d d � Z d d � Z d; d; d d � Z d; d d � Z d d � Z d! d" � Z d# d$ � Z d% d& � Z d' d( � Z d) d* � Z d+ d; d, d- � Z d. d/ � Z d; d0 d1 � Z d; d; d2 d3 � Z d4 d5 d6 � Z d; d7 d8 � Z d; d; d; d9 d: � Z! e Z" e Z# e Z$ e Z% e Z& d; S(= u TurtleScreenu� Provides screen oriented methods like setbg etc.
Only relies upon the methods of TurtleScreenBase and NOT
upon components of the underlying graphics toolkit -
which is Tkinter in this case.
u modeu colormodeu delayc C s� i t d d& � d 6t d dS � d 6t d d{ � d 6t d d� � d 6t d d� � d 6t d d� � d 6t d | j � � d 6| _ i d d 6| _ t j | | � | | _ | | _ t d! | _ g | _
| j � d S(� Nu polygoni
i u arrowi i i i i i i i i i i u turtleg��Q� #@g� ��Q�@g�G�z. @g��Q� �@g g $@u circleu squareg�G�z@g�����'@u triangleu classicu imageu blanku u nopicu colormodei����( i����i ( i
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g� ��Q��( g� ��Q��g��Q� #@g��Q� ��( g��Q� ��g�G�z. @g�G�z. �( g�G�z. �g��Q� �@g��Q� #�( g��Q� #�g� ��Q�@i����( i����i g��Q� #�g� ��Q��( g��Q� #�g� ��Q��g�G�z. �g��Q� ��( g�G�z. �g��Q� ��g��Q� ��g�G�z. �( g��Q� ��g�G�z. �g� ��Q��g��Q� #�( g� ��Q��g��Q� #�g �g $�( g �g $�g��Q� #�( g� ��Q�@g��Q� #�g�G�z. �( g��Q� �@g�G�z. �g��Q� ��( g�G�z. @g��Q� ��g� ��Q��( g��Q� #@g� ��Q��( ( i
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_colormodeu _keysu clear( u selfu cvu modeu colormodeu delay( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu __init__� s4
u TurtleScreen.__init__c C s� t d | _ t d | _ | j d � | j d � | _ d | _ d | _ d | _ g | _ | j
d � x d D] } | j d | � qq W| j
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uq Delete all drawings and all turtles from the TurtleScreen.
No argument.
Reset empty TurtleScreen to its initial state: white background,
no backgroundimage, no eventbindings and tracing on.
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.clear()
Note: this method is not available as function.
u delayu colormodeu allu u nopici i u whitei i N( i i i ( u _CFGu _delayvalueu
_colormodeu _deleteu _createimageu _bgpicu
_bgpicnameu _tracingu _updatecounteru _turtlesu bgcoloru onclicku Noneu
onkeypressu _keysu onkeyu Turtleu _pen( u selfu btnu key( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu clear� s
u TurtleScreen.clearc C s� | d k r | j S| j � } | d k r> t d | � � n | | _ | d k r� | j | j d | j d | j d | j d � d | _ | _ n | j � d S(
ug Set turtle-mode ('standard', 'logo' or 'world') and perform reset.
Optional argument:
mode -- on of the strings 'standard', 'logo' or 'world'
Mode 'standard' is compatible with turtle.py.
Mode 'logo' is compatible with most Logo-Turtle-Graphics.
Mode 'world' uses userdefined 'worldcoordinates'. *Attention*: in
this mode angles appear distorted if x/y unit-ratio doesn't equal 1.
If mode is not given, return the current mode.
Mode Initial turtle heading positive angles
------------|-------------------------|-------------------
'standard' to the right (east) counterclockwise
'logo' upward (north) clockwise
Examples:
>>> mode('logo') # resets turtle heading to north
>>> mode()
'logo'
u standardu logou worldu No turtle-graphics-mode %si g �?N( u standardu logou world( u standardu logo(
u Noneu _modeu loweru TurtleGraphicsErroru _setscrollregionu canvwidthu
canvheightu xscaleu yscaleu reset( u selfu mode( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu mode s u TurtleScreen.modec C s | j � d k r" | j d � n t | | � } t | | � } | j � \ } } | j | d | d � | j | j } }
| j | | _ | j | | _ | | j } | | j } | j | }
| j | } | j | | |
| � | j | j | | j |
� | j
� d S( us Set up a user defined coordinate-system.
Arguments:
llx -- a number, x-coordinate of lower left corner of canvas
lly -- a number, y-coordinate of lower left corner of canvas
urx -- a number, x-coordinate of upper right corner of canvas
ury -- a number, y-coordinate of upper right corner of canvas
Set up user coodinat-system and switch to mode 'world' if necessary.
This performs a screen.reset. If mode 'world' is already active,
all drawings are redrawn according to the new coordinates.
But ATTENTION: in user-defined coordinatesystems angles may appear
distorted. (see Screen.mode())
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.setworldcoordinates(-10,-0.5,50,1.5)
>>> for _ in range(36):
... left(10)
... forward(0.5)
u worldi N( u modeu floatu _window_sizeu
screensizeu xscaleu yscaleu canvwidthu
canvheightu _setscrollregionu _rescaleu update( u selfu llxu llyu urxu uryu xspanu yspanu wxu wyu oldxscaleu oldyscaleu srx1u sry1u srx2u sry2( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu setworldcoordinates$ s
u TurtleScreen.setworldcoordinatesc C s� | d k rO | j � j d � r< t d | j | � � } qp t d d � � n! t | t � rp t d | � } n | | j | <d S( u� Adds a turtle shape to TurtleScreen's shapelist.
Arguments:
(1) name is the name of a gif-file and shape is None.
Installs the corresponding image shape.
!! Image-shapes DO NOT rotate when turning the turtle,
!! so they do not display the heading of the turtle!
(2) name is an arbitrary string and shape is a tuple
of pairs of coordinates. Installs the corresponding
polygon shape
(3) name is an arbitrary string and shape is a
(compound) Shape object. Installs the corresponding
compound shape.
To use a shape, you have to issue the command shape(shapename).
call: register_shape("turtle.gif")
--or: register_shape("tri", ((0,0), (10,10), (-10,10)))
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.register_shape("triangle", ((5,-3),(0,5),(-5,-3)))
u .gifu imageu" Bad arguments for register_shape.
u Use help(register_shape)u polygonN( u Noneu loweru endswithu Shapeu _imageu TurtleGraphicsErroru
isinstanceu tupleu _shapes( u selfu nameu shape( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu register_shapeK s
u TurtleScreen.register_shapec C sO t | � d k r | d } n t | t � rf | j | � sI | d k rM | St d t | � � � n y | \ } } } Wn t d t | � � � Yn X| j d k r� d d � | | | f D� \ } } } n d | k o� d k n o"d | k od k n o"d | k o d k n s>t d
t | � � � n d | | | f S( u Return color string corresponding to args.
Argument may be a string or a tuple of three
numbers corresponding to actual colormode,
i.e. in the range 0<=n<=colormode.
If the argument doesn't represent a color,
an error is raised.
i i u u bad color string: %su bad color arguments: %sg �?c S s g | ] } t d | � � q S( g �o@( u round( u .0u x( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
<listcomp>� s u* TurtleScreen._colorstr.<locals>.<listcomp>i� u bad color sequence: %su
#%02x%02x%02x( u lenu
isinstanceu stru _iscolorstringu TurtleGraphicsErroru
_colormode( u selfu coloru ru gu b( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _colorstrn s
(Tu TurtleScreen._colorstrc s� � j d � s � St � � d k rA � f d d � d D� } nH t � � d k ry � f d d � � d d � D� } n t d
� � � t � f d d � | D� � S(
Nu #i c s- g | ]# } t � | | d � d � � q S( i i ( u int( u .0u i( u cstr( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
<listcomp>� s u' TurtleScreen._color.<locals>.<listcomp>i i i i c s' g | ] } d t � | d � � q S( i ( u int( u .0u h( u cstr( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
<listcomp>� s u bad colorstring: %sc s! g | ] } | � j d � q S( i� ( u
_colormode( u .0u c( u self( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
<listcomp>� s ( i i i ( u
startswithu lenu TurtleGraphicsErroru tuple( u selfu cstru cl( ( u cstru selfu+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _color� s &u TurtleScreen._colorc C sS | d k r | j S| d k r1 t | � | _ n | d k rO t | � | _ n d S( uq Return the colormode or set it to 1.0 or 255.
Optional argument:
cmode -- one of the values 1.0 or 255
r, g, b values of colortriples have to be in range 0..cmode.
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.colormode()
1.0
>>> screen.colormode(255)
>>> pencolor(240,160,80)
g �?i� N( u Noneu
_colormodeu floatu int( u selfu cmode( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu colormode� s u TurtleScreen.colormodec C s2 x+ | j D] } | j | j � | j � q
Wd S( u� Reset all Turtles on the Screen to their initial state.
No argument.
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.reset()
N( u _turtlesu _setmodeu _modeu reset( u selfu turtle( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu reset� s u TurtleScreen.resetc C s | j S( u� Return the list of turtles on the screen.
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.turtles()
[<turtle.Turtle object at 0x00E11FB0>]
( u _turtles( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu turtles� s u TurtleScreen.turtlesc G sO | r | j | � } n d } | j | � } | d k rK | j | � } n | S( u� Set or return backgroundcolor of the TurtleScreen.
Arguments (if given): a color string or three numbers
in the range 0..colormode or a 3-tuple of such numbers.
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.bgcolor("orange")
>>> screen.bgcolor()
'orange'
>>> screen.bgcolor(0.5,0,0.5)
>>> screen.bgcolor()
'#800080'
N( u _colorstru Noneu _bgcoloru _color( u selfu argsu color( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu bgcolor� s u TurtleScreen.bgcolorc C sc | d k r | j St | � | _ d | _ | d k rI t | � | _ n | j r_ | j � n d S( ue Turns turtle animation on/off and set delay for update drawings.
Optional arguments:
n -- nonnegative integer
delay -- nonnegative integer
If n is given, only each n-th regular screen update is really performed.
(Can be used to accelerate the drawing of complex graphics.)
Second arguments sets delay value (see RawTurtle.delay())
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.tracer(8, 25)
>>> dist = 2
>>> for i in range(200):
... fd(dist)
... rt(90)
... dist += 2
i N( u Noneu _tracingu intu _updatecounteru _delayvalueu update( u selfu nu delay( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu tracer� s u TurtleScreen.tracerc C s& | d k r | j St | � | _ d S( u� Return or set the drawing delay in milliseconds.
Optional argument:
delay -- positive integer
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.delay(15)
>>> screen.delay()
15
N( u Noneu _delayvalueu int( u selfu delay( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu delay� s u TurtleScreen.delayc C sR t j s d t _ t � n | j d k rN | j d 7_ | j | j ;_ n d S( u Increment update counter.i i NT( u TurtleScreenu _RUNNINGu Trueu _RUNNNINGu
Terminatoru _tracingu _updatecounter( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
_incrementudc s u TurtleScreen._incrementudcc C sT | j } d | _ x( | j � D] } | j � | j � q W| | _ | j � d S( u' Perform a TurtleScreen update.
NT( u _tracingu Trueu turtlesu _update_datau _drawturtleu _update( u selfu tracingu t( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu update s
u TurtleScreen.updatec C s | j � d S( u� Return the width of the turtle window.
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.window_width()
640
i ( u _window_size( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu window_width s u TurtleScreen.window_widthc C s | j � d S( u� Return the height of the turtle window.
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.window_height()
480
i ( u _window_size( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
window_height s u TurtleScreen.window_heightc C s | j S( u� Return the Canvas of this TurtleScreen.
No argument.
Example (for a Screen instance named screen):
>>> cv = screen.getcanvas()
>>> cv
<turtle.ScrolledCanvas instance at 0x010742D8>
( u cv( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu getcanvas& s
u TurtleScreen.getcanvasc C s t | j j � � S( u� Return a list of names of all currently available turtle shapes.
No argument.
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.getshapes()
['arrow', 'blank', 'circle', ... , 'turtle']
( u sortedu _shapesu keys( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu getshapes2 s u TurtleScreen.getshapesi c C s | j | | | � d S( u� Bind fun to mouse-click event on canvas.
Arguments:
fun -- a function with two arguments, the coordinates of the
clicked point on the canvas.
num -- the number of the mouse-button, defaults to 1
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen)
>>> screen.onclick(goto)
>>> # Subsequently clicking into the TurtleScreen will
>>> # make the turtle move to the clicked point.
>>> screen.onclick(None)
N( u _onscreenclick( u selfu funu btnu add( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu onclick= s u TurtleScreen.onclickc C sg | d k r1 | | j k rS | j j | � qS n" | | j k rS | j j | � n | j | | � d S( um Bind fun to key-release event of key.
Arguments:
fun -- a function with no arguments
key -- a string: key (e.g. "a") or key-symbol (e.g. "space")
In order to be able to register key-events, TurtleScreen
must have focus. (See method listen.)
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> def f():
... fd(50)
... lt(60)
...
>>> screen.onkey(f, "Up")
>>> screen.listen()
Subsequently the turtle can be moved by repeatedly pressing
the up-arrow key, consequently drawing a hexagon
N( u Noneu _keysu removeu appendu
_onkeyrelease( u selfu funu key( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu onkeyN s u TurtleScreen.onkeyc C ss | d k r1 | | j k r_ | j j | � q_ n. | d k r_ | | j k r_ | j j | � n | j | | � d S( u Bind fun to key-press event of key if key is given,
or to any key-press-event if no key is given.
Arguments:
fun -- a function with no arguments
key -- a string: key (e.g. "a") or key-symbol (e.g. "space")
In order to be able to register key-events, TurtleScreen
must have focus. (See method listen.)
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen
and a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> def f():
... fd(50)
... lt(60)
...
>>> screen.onkeypress(f, "Up")
>>> screen.listen()
Subsequently the turtle can be moved by repeatedly pressing
the up-arrow key, or by keeping pressed the up-arrow key.
consequently drawing a hexagon.
N( u Noneu _keysu removeu appendu _onkeypress( u selfu funu key( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
onkeypressl s u TurtleScreen.onkeypressc C s | j � d S( u Set focus on TurtleScreen (in order to collect key-events)
No arguments.
Dummy arguments are provided in order
to be able to pass listen to the onclick method.
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.listen()
N( u _listen( u selfu xdummyu ydummy( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu listen� s
u TurtleScreen.listeni c C s | j | | � d S( u� Install a timer, which calls fun after t milliseconds.
Arguments:
fun -- a function with no arguments.
t -- a number >= 0
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> running = True
>>> def f():
... if running:
... fd(50)
... lt(60)
... screen.ontimer(f, 250)
...
>>> f() # makes the turtle marching around
>>> running = False
N( u _ontimer( u selfu funu t( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu ontimer� s u TurtleScreen.ontimerc C sb | d k r | j S| | j k r; | j | � | j | <n | j | j | j | � | | _ d S( uF Set background image or return name of current backgroundimage.
Optional argument:
picname -- a string, name of a gif-file or "nopic".
If picname is a filename, set the corresponding image as background.
If picname is "nopic", delete backgroundimage, if present.
If picname is None, return the filename of the current backgroundimage.
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.bgpic()
'nopic'
>>> screen.bgpic("landscape.gif")
>>> screen.bgpic()
'landscape.gif'
N( u Noneu
_bgpicnameu _bgpicsu _imageu _setbgpicu _bgpic( u selfu picname( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu bgpic� s u TurtleScreen.bgpicc C s | j | | | � S( u� Resize the canvas the turtles are drawing on.
Optional arguments:
canvwidth -- positive integer, new width of canvas in pixels
canvheight -- positive integer, new height of canvas in pixels
bg -- colorstring or color-tuple, new backgroundcolor
If no arguments are given, return current (canvaswidth, canvasheight)
Do not alter the drawing window. To observe hidden parts of
the canvas use the scrollbars. (Can make visible those parts
of a drawing, which were outside the canvas before!)
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.screensize(2000,1500)
>>> # e.g. to search for an erroneously escaped turtle ;-)
( u _resize( u selfu canvwidthu
canvheightu bg( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
screensize� s u TurtleScreen.screensizeNT(' u __name__u
__module__u __qualname__u __doc__u Trueu _RUNNINGu _CFGu __init__u clearu Noneu modeu setworldcoordinatesu register_shapeu _colorstru _coloru colormodeu resetu turtlesu bgcoloru traceru delayu
_incrementudcu updateu window_widthu
window_heightu getcanvasu getshapesu onclicku onkeyu
onkeypressu listenu ontimeru bgpicu
screensizeu
onscreenclicku resetscreenu clearscreenu addshapeu onkeyrelease( u
__locals__( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu TurtleScreen� sD " '# c B s | Ee Z d Z d Z i e d d � d 6e d d � d 6e d d � d 6Z d Z d Z d Z e d d
� Z d d � Z
dB d
d � Z d d � Z
d d d � Z d d � Z d d � Z d d � Z d d � Z d d � Z d d � Z d d! � Z d" d# � Z d$ d% � Z d& d' � Z d( d) � Z dB d* d+ � Z d, d- � Z d. d/ � Z d0 d1 � Z dB d2 d3 � Z dB d4 d5 � Z d6 d7 � Z d8 d9 � Z! dB dB d: d; � Z" d d< d= � Z# dB dB d> d? � Z$ dB d@ dA � Z% e Z& e Z' e Z( e Z) e Z* e Z+ e Z, e Z- e! Z. dB S(C u
TNavigatoruR Navigation part of the RawTurtle.
Implements methods for turtle movement.
g �?g u standardu worldu logoi i c C s[ | j | _ | j | _ | | _ d | _ | j � d | _ | j | � t j
| � d S( N( u DEFAULT_ANGLEOFFSETu _angleOffsetu DEFAULT_ANGLEORIENTu _angleOrientu _modeu Noneu
undobufferu degreesu _setmodeu
TNavigatoru reset( u selfu mode( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu __init__� s
u TNavigator.__init__c C s) t d d � | _ t j | j | _ d S( uX reset turtle to its initial values
Will be overwritten by parent class
g N( u Vec2Du _positionu
TNavigatoru START_ORIENTATIONu _modeu _orient( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu reset� s u TNavigator.resetc C sj | d k r | j S| d k r# d S| | _ | d k rM d | _ d | _ n | j d | _ d
| _ d S( u: Set turtle-mode to 'standard', 'world' or 'logo'.
u standardu logou worldNi i g @( u standardu logou world( u standardu worldi����( u Noneu _modeu _angleOffsetu _angleOrientu _fullcircle( u selfu mode( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _setmode� s u TNavigator._setmodec C sB | | _ d | | _ | j d k r1 d | _ n
| d | _ d S( u+ Helper function for degrees() and radians()ih u standardi g @N( u _fullcircleu
_degreesPerAUu _modeu _angleOffset( u selfu
fullcircle( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _setDegreesPerAU s
u TNavigator._setDegreesPerAUg �v@c C s | j | � d S( u> Set angle measurement units to degrees.
Optional argument:
fullcircle - a number
Set angle measurement units, i. e. set number
of 'degrees' for a full circle. Dafault value is
360 degrees.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.left(90)
>>> turtle.heading()
90
Change angle measurement unit to grad (also known as gon,
grade, or gradian and equals 1/100-th of the right angle.)
>>> turtle.degrees(400.0)
>>> turtle.heading()
100
N( u _setDegreesPerAU( u selfu
fullcircle( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu degrees s u TNavigator.degreesc C s | j d t j � d S( u Set the angle measurement units to radians.
No arguments.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.heading()
90
>>> turtle.radians()
>>> turtle.heading()
1.5707963267948966
i N( u _setDegreesPerAUu mathu pi( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu radians, s u TNavigator.radiansc C s% | j | j | } | j | � d S( u) move turtle forward by specified distanceN( u _positionu _orientu _goto( u selfu distanceu ende( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _go: s u TNavigator._goc C s& | | j 9} | j j | � | _ d S( u= Turn turtle counterclockwise by specified angle if angle > 0.N( u
_degreesPerAUu _orientu rotate( u selfu angle( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _rotate? s
u TNavigator._rotatec C s
| | _ d S( u move turtle to position end.N( u _position( u selfu end( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _gotoD s u TNavigator._gotoc C s | j | � d S( u Move the turtle forward by the specified distance.
Aliases: forward | fd
Argument:
distance -- a number (integer or float)
Move the turtle forward by the specified distance, in the direction
the turtle is headed.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.position()
(0.00, 0.00)
>>> turtle.forward(25)
>>> turtle.position()
(25.00,0.00)
>>> turtle.forward(-75)
>>> turtle.position()
(-50.00,0.00)
N( u _go( u selfu distance( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu forwardH s u TNavigator.forwardc C s | j | � d S( u� Move the turtle backward by distance.
Aliases: back | backward | bk
Argument:
distance -- a number
Move the turtle backward by distance ,opposite to the direction the
turtle is headed. Do not change the turtle's heading.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.position()
(0.00, 0.00)
>>> turtle.backward(30)
>>> turtle.position()
(-30.00, 0.00)
N( u _go( u selfu distance( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu back_ s u TNavigator.backc C s | j | � d S( u� Turn turtle right by angle units.
Aliases: right | rt
Argument:
angle -- a number (integer or float)
Turn turtle right by angle units. (Units are by default degrees,
but can be set via the degrees() and radians() functions.)
Angle orientation depends on mode. (See this.)
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.heading()
22.0
>>> turtle.right(45)
>>> turtle.heading()
337.0
N( u _rotate( u selfu angle( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu rights s u TNavigator.rightc C s | j | � d S( u� Turn turtle left by angle units.
Aliases: left | lt
Argument:
angle -- a number (integer or float)
Turn turtle left by angle units. (Units are by default degrees,
but can be set via the degrees() and radians() functions.)
Angle orientation depends on mode. (See this.)
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.heading()
22.0
>>> turtle.left(45)
>>> turtle.heading()
67.0
N( u _rotate( u selfu angle( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu left� s u TNavigator.leftc C s | j S( u� Return the turtle's current location (x,y), as a Vec2D-vector.
Aliases: pos | position
No arguments.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.pos()
(0.00, 240.00)
( u _position( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu pos� s u TNavigator.posc C s | j d S( u� Return the turtle's x coordinate.
No arguments.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> reset()
>>> turtle.left(60)
>>> turtle.forward(100)
>>> print turtle.xcor()
50.0
i ( u _position( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu xcor� s u TNavigator.xcorc C s | j d S( u Return the turtle's y coordinate
---
No arguments.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> reset()
>>> turtle.left(60)
>>> turtle.forward(100)
>>> print turtle.ycor()
86.6025403784
i ( u _position( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu ycor� s u TNavigator.ycorc C s< | d k r" | j t | � � n | j t | | � � d S( ut Move turtle to an absolute position.
Aliases: setpos | setposition | goto:
Arguments:
x -- a number or a pair/vector of numbers
y -- a number None
call: goto(x, y) # two coordinates
--or: goto((x, y)) # a pair (tuple) of coordinates
--or: goto(vec) # e.g. as returned by pos()
Move turtle to an absolute position. If the pen is down,
a line will be drawn. The turtle's orientation does not change.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> tp = turtle.pos()
>>> tp
(0.00, 0.00)
>>> turtle.setpos(60,30)
>>> turtle.pos()
(60.00,30.00)
>>> turtle.setpos((20,80))
>>> turtle.pos()
(20.00,80.00)
>>> turtle.setpos(tp)
>>> turtle.pos()
(0.00,0.00)
N( u Noneu _gotou Vec2D( u selfu xu y( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu goto� s u TNavigator.gotoc C s! | j d d � | j d � d S( u$ Move turtle to the origin - coordinates (0,0).
No arguments.
Move turtle to the origin - coordinates (0,0) and set its
heading to its start-orientation (which depends on mode).
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.home()
i N( u gotou
setheading( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu home� s u TNavigator.homec C s! | j t | | j d � � d S( u� Set the turtle's first coordinate to x
Argument:
x -- a number (integer or float)
Set the turtle's first coordinate to x, leave second coordinate
unchanged.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.position()
(0.00, 240.00)
>>> turtle.setx(10)
>>> turtle.position()
(10.00, 240.00)
i N( u _gotou Vec2Du _position( u selfu x( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu setx� s u TNavigator.setxc C s! | j t | j d | � � d S( u� Set the turtle's second coordinate to y
Argument:
y -- a number (integer or float)
Set the turtle's first coordinate to x, second coordinate remains
unchanged.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.position()
(0.00, 40.00)
>>> turtle.sety(-10)
>>> turtle.position()
(0.00, -10.00)
i N( u _gotou Vec2Du _position( u selfu y( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu sety
s u TNavigator.setyc C s� | d k r t | | � } n t | t � r6 | } n9 t | t � rT t | � } n t | t � ro | j } n t | | j � S( u� Return the distance from the turtle to (x,y) in turtle step units.
Arguments:
x -- a number or a pair/vector of numbers or a turtle instance
y -- a number None None
call: distance(x, y) # two coordinates
--or: distance((x, y)) # a pair (tuple) of coordinates
--or: distance(vec) # e.g. as returned by pos()
--or: distance(mypen) # where mypen is another turtle
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.pos()
(0.00, 0.00)
>>> turtle.distance(30,40)
50.0
>>> pen = Turtle()
>>> pen.forward(77)
>>> turtle.distance(pen)
77.0
N( u Noneu Vec2Du
isinstanceu tupleu
TNavigatoru _positionu abs( u selfu xu yu pos( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu distance s u TNavigator.distancec C s� | d k r t | | � } n t | t � r6 | } n9 t | t � rT t | � } n t | t � ro | j } n | | j \ } } t t j | | � d t j d � d } | | j
} | j | j | | j
S( uC Return the angle of the line from the turtle's position to (x, y).
Arguments:
x -- a number or a pair/vector of numbers or a turtle instance
y -- a number None None
call: distance(x, y) # two coordinates
--or: distance((x, y)) # a pair (tuple) of coordinates
--or: distance(vec) # e.g. as returned by pos()
--or: distance(mypen) # where mypen is another turtle
Return the angle, between the line from turtle-position to position
specified by x, y and the turtle's start orientation. (Depends on
modes - "standard" or "logo")
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.pos()
(10.00, 10.00)
>>> turtle.towards(0,0)
225.0
g �f@i
g �v@N( u Noneu Vec2Du
isinstanceu tupleu
TNavigatoru _positionu roundu mathu atan2u piu
_degreesPerAUu _angleOffsetu _angleOrientu _fullcircle( u selfu xu yu posu result( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu towards< s *
u TNavigator.towardsc C s_ | j \ } } t t j | | � d t j d � d } | | j } | j | j | | j S( u� Return the turtle's current heading.
No arguments.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.left(67)
>>> turtle.heading()
67.0
g �f@i
g �v@( u _orientu roundu mathu atan2u piu
_degreesPerAUu _angleOffsetu _angleOrientu _fullcircle( u selfu xu yu result( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu heading_ s
*
u TNavigator.headingc C sK | | j � | j } | j } | | d | | d } | j | � d S( u� Set the orientation of the turtle to to_angle.
Aliases: setheading | seth
Argument:
to_angle -- a number (integer or float)
Set the orientation of the turtle to to_angle.
Here are some common directions in degrees:
standard - mode: logo-mode:
-------------------|--------------------
0 - east 0 - north
90 - north 90 - east
180 - west 180 - south
270 - south 270 - west
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.setheading(90)
>>> turtle.heading()
90
g @N( u headingu _angleOrientu _fullcircleu _rotate( u selfu to_angleu angleu full( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
setheadingn s u TNavigator.setheadingc C s� | j r+ | j j d g � d | j _ n | j � } | d k rO | j } n | d k r� t | � | j } d t t d t | � d d � | � } n d | | } d | } d | t
j | t
j d | j
� } | d
k r| | | } } } n | j � } | j � }
| d
k r:| j d
d
� n
| j d
� | j | � xH t | � D]: } | j | � | j | � | j d
� | j | � qaW| j | � | d
k r�| j | |
� n | j | � | j r�d
| j _ n d S( u� Draw a circle with given radius.
Arguments:
radius -- a number
extent (optional) -- a number
steps (optional) -- an integer
Draw a circle with given radius. The center is radius units left
of the turtle; extent - an angle - determines which part of the
circle is drawn. If extent is not given, draw the entire circle.
If extent is not a full circle, one endpoint of the arc is the
current pen position. Draw the arc in counterclockwise direction
if radius is positive, otherwise in clockwise direction. Finally
the direction of the turtle is changed by the amount of extent.
As the circle is approximated by an inscribed regular polygon,
steps determines the number of steps to use. If not given,
it will be calculated automatically. Maybe used to draw regular
polygons.
call: circle(radius) # full circle
--or: circle(radius, extent) # arc
--or: circle(radius, extent, steps)
--or: circle(radius, steps=6) # 6-sided polygon
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.circle(50)
>>> turtle.circle(120, 180) # semicircle
u seqi i g @g �M@g �?g �?g @g �f@i NTF( u
undobufferu pushu Trueu cumulateu speedu Noneu _fullcircleu absu intu minu mathu sinu piu
_degreesPerAUu _traceru _delayu _rotateu rangeu _gou False( u selfu radiusu extentu stepsu speedu fracu wu w2u lu tru dlu i( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu circle� s> .
)
u TNavigator.circlec C s d S( u/ dummy method - to be overwritten by child classN( ( u selfu s( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu speed� s u TNavigator.speedc C s d S( u/ dummy method - to be overwritten by child classN( ( u selfu au b( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _tracer� s u TNavigator._tracerc C s d S( u/ dummy method - to be overwritten by child classN( ( u selfu n( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _delay� s u TNavigator._delayN(/ u __name__u
__module__u __qualname__u __doc__u Vec2Du START_ORIENTATIONu DEFAULT_MODEu DEFAULT_ANGLEOFFSETu DEFAULT_ANGLEORIENTu __init__u resetu Noneu _setmodeu _setDegreesPerAUu degreesu radiansu _gou _rotateu _gotou forwardu backu rightu leftu posu xcoru ycoru gotou homeu setxu setyu distanceu towardsu headingu
setheadingu circleu speedu _traceru _delayu fdu bku backwardu rtu ltu positionu setposu setpositionu seth( u
__locals__( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
TNavigator� sZ
# # Au
TNavigatorc B sR | Ee Z d Z d Z e d d d � Z e d e d d d � Z d+ d d
� Z d+ d d � Z d
d � Z
d d � Z d d � Z d+ d d � Z
d d � Z d d � Z d d � Z d d � Z d d � Z d d � Z d+ d! d" � Z d, d# d$ � Z d, d- d% d& � Z d' d( � Z d) d* � Z e Z e
Z e
Z e Z e Z e Z e Z! d+ S(. u TPenuF Drawing part of the RawTurtle.
Implements drawing properties.
u
resizemodec C s# | | _ d | _ t j | � d S( N( u _resizemodeu Noneu
undobufferu TPenu _reset( u selfu
resizemode( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu __init__� s u
TPen.__init__u pencoloru fillcolorc C sg d | _ d | _ | | _ | | _ d | _ d | _ d | _ d | _ d | _ d | _
d | _ d S( Ni i g �?g T( g �?g �?( g �?g g g �?( u _pensizeu Trueu _shownu _pencoloru
_fillcoloru _drawingu _speedu _stretchfactoru _shearfactoru _tiltu _shapetrafou
_outlinewidth( u selfu pencoloru fillcolor( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _reset� s u TPen._resetc C sB | d k r | j S| j � } | d k r> | j d | � n d S( uz Set resizemode to one of the values: "auto", "user", "noresize".
(Optional) Argument:
rmode -- one of the strings "auto", "user", "noresize"
Different resizemodes have the following effects:
- "auto" adapts the appearance of the turtle
corresponding to the value of pensize.
- "user" adapts the appearance of the turtle according to the
values of stretchfactor and outlinewidth (outline),
which are set by shapesize()
- "noresize" no adaption of the turtle's appearance takes place.
If no argument is given, return current resizemode.
resizemode("user") is called by a call of shapesize with arguments.
Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.resizemode("noresize")
>>> turtle.resizemode()
'noresize'
u autou useru noresizeu
resizemodeN( u autou useru noresize( u Noneu _resizemodeu loweru pen( u selfu rmode( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
resizemode� s
u TPen.resizemodec C s' | d k r | j S| j d | � d S( u! Set or return the line thickness.
Aliases: pensize | width
Argument:
width -- positive number
Set the line thickness to width or return it. If resizemode is set
to "auto" and turtleshape is a polygon, that polygon is drawn with
the same line thickness. If no argument is given, current pensize
is returned.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.pensize()
1
>>> turtle.pensize(10) # from here on lines of width 10 are drawn
u pensizeN( u Noneu _pensizeu pen( u selfu width( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu pensize s u TPen.pensizec C s! | j s
d S| j d d � d S( u� Pull the pen up -- no drawing when moving.
Aliases: penup | pu | up
No argument
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.penup()
Nu pendownF( u _drawingu penu False( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu penup' s
u
TPen.penupc C s! | j r
d S| j d d � d S( u� Pull the pen down -- drawing when moving.
Aliases: pendown | pd | down
No argument.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.pendown()
Nu pendownT( u _drawingu penu True( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu pendown5 s
u TPen.pendownc C s | j S( u Return True if pen is down, False if it's up.
No argument.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.penup()
>>> turtle.isdown()
False
>>> turtle.pendown()
>>> turtle.isdown()
True
( u _drawing( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu isdownC s
u TPen.isdownc C s� i d d 6d d 6d d 6d d 6d d
6} | d k r< | j S| | k rU | | } n7 d | k ol d k n r� t t | � � } n d } | j d
| � d S( u� Return or set the turtle's speed.
Optional argument:
speed -- an integer in the range 0..10 or a speedstring (see below)
Set the turtle's speed to an integer value in the range 0 .. 10.
If no argument is given: return current speed.
If input is a number greater than 10 or smaller than 0.5,
speed is set to 0.
Speedstrings are mapped to speedvalues in the following way:
'fastest' : 0
'fast' : 10
'normal' : 6
'slow' : 3
'slowest' : 1
speeds from 1 to 10 enforce increasingly faster animation of
line drawing and turtle turning.
Attention:
speed = 0 : *no* animation takes place. forward/back makes turtle jump
and likewise left/right make the turtle turn instantly.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.speed(3)
i u fastesti
u fasti u normali u slowi u slowestg �?g %@u speedN( u Noneu _speedu intu roundu pen( u selfu speedu speeds( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu speedR s )
u
TPen.speedc G s� | r� t | � } | d k r/ | d } } n4 | d k rJ | \ } } n | d k rc | } } n | j | � } | j | � } | j d | d | � n" | j | j � | j | j � f Sd S( u� Return or set the pencolor and fillcolor.
Arguments:
Several input formats are allowed.
They use 0, 1, 2, or 3 arguments as follows:
color()
Return the current pencolor and the current fillcolor
as a pair of color specification strings as are returned
by pencolor and fillcolor.
color(colorstring), color((r,g,b)), color(r,g,b)
inputs as in pencolor, set both, fillcolor and pencolor,
to the given value.
color(colorstring1, colorstring2),
color((r1,g1,b1), (r2,g2,b2))
equivalent to pencolor(colorstring1) and fillcolor(colorstring2)
and analogously, if the other input format is used.
If turtleshape is a polygon, outline and interior of that polygon
is drawn with the newly set colors.
For mor info see: pencolor, fillcolor
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.color('red', 'green')
>>> turtle.color()
('red', 'green')
>>> colormode(255)
>>> color((40, 80, 120), (160, 200, 240))
>>> color()
('#285078', '#a0c8f0')
i i i i u pencoloru fillcolorN( u lenu _colorstru penu _coloru _pencoloru
_fillcolor( u selfu argsu lu pcoloru fcolor( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu colorx s
u
TPen.colorc G sO | r; | j | � } | | j k r( d S| j d | � n | j | j � Sd S( uZ Return or set the pencolor.
Arguments:
Four input formats are allowed:
- pencolor()
Return the current pencolor as color specification string,
possibly in hex-number format (see example).
May be used as input to another color/pencolor/fillcolor call.
- pencolor(colorstring)
s is a Tk color specification string, such as "red" or "yellow"
- pencolor((r, g, b))
*a tuple* of r, g, and b, which represent, an RGB color,
and each of r, g, and b are in the range 0..colormode,
where colormode is either 1.0 or 255
- pencolor(r, g, b)
r, g, and b represent an RGB color, and each of r, g, and b
are in the range 0..colormode
If turtleshape is a polygon, the outline of that polygon is drawn
with the newly set pencolor.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.pencolor('brown')
>>> tup = (0.2, 0.8, 0.55)
>>> turtle.pencolor(tup)
>>> turtle.pencolor()
'#33cc8c'
Nu pencolor( u _colorstru _pencoloru penu _color( u selfu argsu color( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu pencolor� s u
TPen.pencolorc G sO | r; | j | � } | | j k r( d S| j d | � n | j | j � Sd S( u] Return or set the fillcolor.
Arguments:
Four input formats are allowed:
- fillcolor()
Return the current fillcolor as color specification string,
possibly in hex-number format (see example).
May be used as input to another color/pencolor/fillcolor call.
- fillcolor(colorstring)
s is a Tk color specification string, such as "red" or "yellow"
- fillcolor((r, g, b))
*a tuple* of r, g, and b, which represent, an RGB color,
and each of r, g, and b are in the range 0..colormode,
where colormode is either 1.0 or 255
- fillcolor(r, g, b)
r, g, and b represent an RGB color, and each of r, g, and b
are in the range 0..colormode
If turtleshape is a polygon, the interior of that polygon is drawn
with the newly set fillcolor.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.fillcolor('violet')
>>> col = turtle.pencolor()
>>> turtle.fillcolor(col)
>>> turtle.fillcolor(0, .5, 0)
Nu fillcolor( u _colorstru
_fillcoloru penu _color( u selfu argsu color( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu fillcolor� s u TPen.fillcolorc C s | j d d � d S( u� Makes the turtle visible.
Aliases: showturtle | st
No argument.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.hideturtle()
>>> turtle.showturtle()
u shownNT( u penu True( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
showturtle� s u TPen.showturtlec C s | j d d � d S( uY Makes the turtle invisible.
Aliases: hideturtle | ht
No argument.
It's a good idea to do this while you're in the
middle of a complicated drawing, because hiding
the turtle speeds up the drawing observably.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.hideturtle()
u shownNF( u penu False( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
hideturtle� s u TPen.hideturtlec C s | j S( u� Return True if the Turtle is shown, False if it's hidden.
No argument.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.hideturtle()
>>> print turtle.isvisible():
False
( u _shown( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu isvisible s
u TPen.isvisiblec
K s� i | j d 6| j d 6| j d 6| j d 6| j d 6| j d 6| j d 6| j d 6| j d 6| j d
6| j
d 6} | p} | s� | St | t � r� | } n i } | j
| � i } x | D] } | | | | <q� W| j r� | j j d | f � n d } d | k r'| j | d k r'd } q'n d | k r�t | d t � rc| j | d f � | d <n | j | d k r�d } q�n d | k r�| j | d k r�d } q�n | r�| j � n d | k r�| d | _ n d | k r�| d | _ n d | k r| d | _ n d | k r`t | d t � rP| j | d f � | d <n | d | _ n d | k r|| d | _ n d | k r�| d | _ n d | k r�| d } t | t t f � r�| | f } n | | _ n d | k r�| d | _ n d
| k r| d
| _ n d | k r2| d | _ n d | k rN| d | _
n d | k srd | k srd | k r�| j \ } }
| j } t j | j
� t j | j
� } }
| |
|
| |
| | | |
|
| | f | _ n | j � d
S( uL Return or set the pen's attributes.
Arguments:
pen -- a dictionary with some or all of the below listed keys.
**pendict -- one or more keyword-arguments with the below
listed keys as keywords.
Return or set the pen's attributes in a 'pen-dictionary'
with the following key/value pairs:
"shown" : True/False
"pendown" : True/False
"pencolor" : color-string or color-tuple
"fillcolor" : color-string or color-tuple
"pensize" : positive number
"speed" : number in range 0..10
"resizemode" : "auto" or "user" or "noresize"
"stretchfactor": (positive number, positive number)
"shearfactor": number
"outline" : positive number
"tilt" : number
This dictionary can be used as argument for a subsequent
pen()-call to restore the former pen-state. Moreover one
or more of these attributes can be provided as keyword-arguments.
This can be used to set several pen attributes in one statement.
Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.pen(fillcolor="black", pencolor="red", pensize=10)
>>> turtle.pen()
{'pensize': 10, 'shown': True, 'resizemode': 'auto', 'outline': 1,
'pencolor': 'red', 'pendown': True, 'fillcolor': 'black',
'stretchfactor': (1,1), 'speed': 3, 'shearfactor': 0.0}
>>> penstate=turtle.pen()
>>> turtle.color("yellow","")
>>> turtle.penup()
>>> turtle.pen()
{'pensize': 10, 'shown': True, 'resizemode': 'auto', 'outline': 1,
'pencolor': 'yellow', 'pendown': False, 'fillcolor': '',
'stretchfactor': (1,1), 'speed': 3, 'shearfactor': 0.0}
>>> p.pen(penstate, fillcolor="green")
>>> p.pen()
{'pensize': 10, 'shown': True, 'resizemode': 'auto', 'outline': 1,
'pencolor': 'red', 'pendown': True, 'fillcolor': 'green',
'stretchfactor': (1,1), 'speed': 3, 'shearfactor': 0.0}
u shownu pendownu pencoloru fillcoloru pensizeu speedu
resizemodeu
stretchfactoru shearfactoru outlineu tiltu penNFT( u _shownu _drawingu _pencoloru
_fillcoloru _pensizeu _speedu _resizemodeu _stretchfactoru _shearfactoru
_outlinewidthu _tiltu
isinstanceu dictu updateu
undobufferu pushu Falseu Trueu tupleu _colorstru _newLineu intu floatu mathu sinu cosu _shapetrafou _update( u selfu penu pendictu _pdu pu _p_bufu keyu newLineu sfu scxu scyu shfu sau ca( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu pen s� /
$ %#u TPen.penc C s d S( u/ dummy method - to be overwritten by child classN( ( u selfu usePos( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _newLine� s u
TPen._newLinec C s d S( u/ dummy method - to be overwritten by child classN( ( u selfu countu forced( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _update� s u TPen._updatec C s d S( u/ dummy method - to be overwritten by child classN( ( u selfu args( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _color� s u TPen._colorc C s d S( u/ dummy method - to be overwritten by child classN( ( u selfu args( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _colorstr� s u TPen._colorstrNTF(" u __name__u
__module__u __qualname__u __doc__u _CFGu __init__u _resetu Noneu
resizemodeu pensizeu penupu pendownu isdownu speedu coloru pencoloru fillcoloru
showturtleu
hideturtleu isvisibleu penu Trueu _newLineu Falseu _updateu _coloru _colorstru widthu upu puu pdu downu stu ht( u
__locals__( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu TPen� s8
& . % $
u TPenc B s2 | Ee Z d Z d Z d d � Z d d � Z d S( u _TurtleImageu6 Helper class: Datatype to store Turtle attributes
c C s# | | _ d | _ | j | � d S( N( u screenu Noneu _typeu _setshape( u selfu screenu
shapeIndex( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu __init__� s u _TurtleImage.__init__c s_ | j � | | _ | j d k o6 � j | j k n r? d S| j d k oc � j | j k n rl d S| j d k r� � j | j � n3 | j d k r� x! | j D] } � j | � q� Wn � j | j | _ | j d k r� � j � | _ nf | j d k r#� j � j d j � | _ n8 | j d k r[� f d d � � j | j D� | _ n d S( Nu polygonu imageu compoundu blankc s g | ] } � j � � q S( ( u _createpoly( u .0u item( u screen( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
<listcomp>� s u* _TurtleImage._setshape.<locals>.<listcomp>( u imageu polygon( u screenu
shapeIndexu _typeu _shapesu _deleteu _itemu _createpolyu _createimageu _data( u selfu
shapeIndexu item( ( u screenu+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _setshape� s& )) u _TurtleImage._setshapeN( u __name__u
__module__u __qualname__u __doc__u __init__u _setshape( u
__locals__( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _TurtleImage� s u _TurtleImagec B s� | Ee Z d Z d Z g Z dl e d e d e d d d � Z d d � Z d d
� Z d d � Z
d
d � Z d d � Z d d � Z
d d � Z dl dl d d � Z d d � Z d d � Z d d � Z d d � Z dl d d � Z dl dl dl d! d" � Z dl d# d$ � Z d% d& � Z dl d' d( � Z d) d* � Z dl dl dl dl d+ d, � Z d- d. � Z d/ d0 � Z dm d1 d2 � Z d3 d4 � Z d5 d6 � Z d7 d8 � Z! d9 d: � Z" dl d; d< � Z# d= d> � Z$ d? d@ � Z% dA dB � Z& dn dC dD � Z( dE dF � Z) dG dH � Z* dI dJ � Z+ dl dK dL � Z, dM dN � Z- dm dO do dS dT � Z. dU dV � Z/ dW dX � Z0 dY dZ � Z1 d[ d\ � Z2 d] d^ � Z3 e3 Z4 dl d_ d` � Z5 da dl db dc � Z6 da dl dd de � Z7 da dl df dg � Z8 dh di � Z9 dj dk � Z: e Z; dl S(p u RawTurtleuv Animation part of the RawTurtle.
Puts RawTurtle upon a TurtleScreen and provides tools for
its animation.
u shapeu undobuffersizeu visiblec C s� t | t � r | | _ n� t | t � rX | t j k rL t j j | � n | | _ nz t | t t f � r� xb t j D]" } | j | k rw | | _ Pqw qw Wt | � | _ t j j | j � n t
d | � � | j } t j | | j
� � t j | � | j j | � | j � | _ t | | � | _ d | _ d | _ d | _ | _ | | _ d | _ | j � | _ | j g | _ | j g | _ g | _ | | _! t" | � | _# | j$ � d S( Nu bad canvas argument %sF(% u
isinstanceu _Screenu screenu TurtleScreenu RawTurtleu screensu appendu ScrolledCanvasu Canvasu cvu TurtleGraphicsErroru
TNavigatoru __init__u modeu TPenu _turtlesu _createlineu drawingLineItemu _TurtleImageu turtleu Noneu _polyu Falseu
_creatingPolyu _fillitemu _fillpathu _shownu _hidden_from_screenu currentLineItemu _positionu currentLineu itemsu
stampItemsu _undobuffersizeu Tbufferu
undobufferu _update( u selfu canvasu shapeu undobuffersizeu visibleu screen( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu __init__� s@
u RawTurtle.__init__c C s< t j | � t j | � | j � | j � | j � d S( u� Delete the turtle's drawings and restore its default values.
No argument.
Delete the turtle's drawings from the screen, re-center the turtle
and set variables to the default values.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.position()
(0.00,-22.00)
>>> turtle.heading()
100.0
>>> turtle.reset()
>>> turtle.position()
(0.00,0.00)
>>> turtle.heading()
0.0
N( u
TNavigatoru resetu TPenu _resetu _clearu _drawturtleu _update( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu reset� s
u RawTurtle.resetc C s+ | d k r d | _ n t | � | _ d S( u� Set or disable undobuffer.
Argument:
size -- an integer or None
If size is an integer an empty undobuffer of given size is installed.
Size gives the maximum number of turtle-actions that can be undone
by the undo() function.
If size is None, no undobuffer is present.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.setundobuffer(42)
N( u Noneu
undobufferu Tbuffer( u selfu size( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
setundobuffer
s u RawTurtle.setundobufferc C s | j d k r d S| j j � S( u� Return count of entries in the undobuffer.
No argument.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> while undobufferentries():
... undo()
i N( u
undobufferu Noneu nr_of_items( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu undobufferentries#
s u RawTurtle.undobufferentriesc C s� d | _ | _ x! | j D] } | j j | � q W| j j � | _ g | _ | j rn | j j
| j � n | j g | _ | j � | j
| j � d S( u Delete all of pen's drawingsN( u Noneu _fillitemu _fillpathu itemsu screenu _deleteu _createlineu currentLineItemu currentLineu _drawingu appendu _positionu clearstampsu
setundobufferu _undobuffersize( u selfu item( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _clear0
s
u RawTurtle._clearc C s | j � | j � d S( ug Delete the turtle's drawings from the screen. Do not move turtle.
No arguments.
Delete the turtle's drawings from the screen. Do not move turtle.
State and position of the turtle as well as drawings of other
turtles are not affected.
Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.clear()
N( u _clearu _update( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu clear>
s
u RawTurtle.clearc C sd | j j � | j j d k r# d St | j � d k r` | j j | j | j | j | j � n d S( Ni i ( u screenu
_incrementudcu _updatecounteru lenu currentLineu _drawlineu currentLineItemu _pencoloru _pensize( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _update_dataM
s
u RawTurtle._update_datac C s� | j } | j d k r d S| j d k r\ | j � | j � | j � | j | j � nG | j � | j d k r� x | j � D] } | j � q� W| j � n d S( u& Perform a Turtle-data update.
i Ni ( u screenu _tracingu _update_datau _drawturtleu _updateu _delayu _delayvalueu _updatecounteru turtles( u selfu screenu t( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _updateU
s
u RawTurtle._updatec C s | j j | | � S( um Turns turtle animation on/off and set delay for update drawings.
Optional arguments:
n -- nonnegative integer
delay -- nonnegative integer
If n is given, only each n-th regular screen update is really performed.
(Can be used to accelerate the drawing of complex graphics.)
Second arguments sets delay value (see RawTurtle.delay())
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.tracer(8, 25)
>>> dist = 2
>>> for i in range(200):
... turtle.fd(dist)
... turtle.rt(90)
... dist += 2
( u screenu tracer( u selfu flagu delay( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _tracerg
s u RawTurtle._tracerc C s | j j | � S( N( u screenu _color( u selfu args( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _color|
s u RawTurtle._colorc C s | j j | � S( N( u screenu _colorstr( u selfu args( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _colorstr
s u RawTurtle._colorstrc C s� t | t � r | Sy | \ } } } Wn t d t | � � � Yn X| j j d k r� d d � | | | f D� \ } } } n d | k o� d k n o� d | k o� d k n o� d | k o� d k n s� t d t | � � � n d | | | f S( u, Convert colortriples to hexstrings.
u bad color arguments: %sg �?c S s g | ] } t d | � � q S( g �o@( u round( u .0u x( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
<listcomp>�
s u! RawTurtle._cc.<locals>.<listcomp>i i� u bad color sequence: %su
#%02x%02x%02x( u
isinstanceu stru TurtleGraphicsErroru screenu
_colormode( u selfu argsu ru gu b( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _cc�
s (Tu
RawTurtle._ccc sC | j � | j | j � | j } d | _ d | _ t | � } � | _ | | _ � | _ t � | j j � | _ � j j | � � j
| j j j } | d k r� � j � | j _
nl | d k r� � j � j
d j � | j _
n> | d k r&� f d d � � j
| j j j D� | j _
n � j � | _ | j � | S( u Create and return a clone of the turtle.
No argument.
Create and return a clone of the turtle with same position, heading
and turtle properties.
Example (for a Turtle instance named mick):
mick = Turtle()
joe = mick.clone()
u polygonu imageu blanku compoundc s g | ] } � j � � q S( ( u _createpoly( u .0u item( u screen( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
<listcomp>�
s u# RawTurtle.clone.<locals>.<listcomp>N( u screenu _newLineu _drawingu turtleu Noneu deepcopyu _TurtleImageu
shapeIndexu _turtlesu appendu _shapesu _typeu _createpolyu _itemu _createimageu _datau _createlineu currentLineItemu _update( u selfu turtleu qu ttype( ( u screenu+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu clone�
s, " #
u RawTurtle.clonec C s\ | d k r | j j S| | j j � k r> t d | � � n | j j | � | j � d S( u� Set turtle shape to shape with given name / return current shapename.
Optional argument:
name -- a string, which is a valid shapename
Set turtle shape to shape with given name or, if name is not given,
return name of current shape.
Shape with name must exist in the TurtleScreen's shape dictionary.
Initially there are the following polygon shapes:
'arrow', 'turtle', 'circle', 'square', 'triangle', 'classic'.
To learn about how to deal with shapes see Screen-method register_shape.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.shape()
'arrow'
>>> turtle.shape("turtle")
>>> turtle.shape()
'turtle'
u There is no shape named %sN( u Noneu turtleu
shapeIndexu screenu getshapesu TurtleGraphicsErroru _setshapeu _update( u selfu name( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu shape�
s
u RawTurtle.shapec
C s | | k o" | k o" d k n rF | j \ } } | | | j f S| d k s^ | d k rm t d � � n | d k r� | d k r� | | f } q� | | f } n+ | d k r� | j d | f } n | j } | d k r� | j } n | j d d d | d | � d S( uO Set/return turtle's stretchfactors/outline. Set resizemode to "user".
Optional arguments:
stretch_wid : positive number
stretch_len : positive number
outline : positive number
Return or set the pen's attributes x/y-stretchfactors and/or outline.
Set resizemode to "user".
If and only if resizemode is set to "user", the turtle will be displayed
stretched according to its stretchfactors:
stretch_wid is stretchfactor perpendicular to orientation
stretch_len is stretchfactor in direction of turtles orientation.
outline determines the width of the shapes's outline.
Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.resizemode("user")
>>> turtle.shapesize(5, 5, 12)
>>> turtle.shapesize(outline=8)
i u( stretch_wid/stretch_len must not be zerou
resizemodeu useru
stretchfactoru outlineN( u Noneu _stretchfactoru
_outlinewidthu TurtleGraphicsErroru pen( u selfu stretch_widu stretch_lenu outlineu
stretchfactor( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu shapesize�
s ' u RawTurtle.shapesizec C s- | d k r | j S| j d d d | � d S( u� Set or return the current shearfactor.
Optional argument: shear -- number, tangent of the shear angle
Shear the turtleshape according to the given shearfactor shear,
which is the tangent of the shear angle. DO NOT change the
turtle's heading (direction of movement).
If shear is not given: return the current shearfactor, i. e. the
tangent of the shear angle, by which lines parallel to the
heading of the turtle are sheared.
Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.shape("circle")
>>> turtle.shapesize(5,2)
>>> turtle.shearfactor(0.5)
>>> turtle.shearfactor()
>>> 0.5
u
resizemodeu useru shearfactorN( u Noneu _shearfactoru pen( u selfu shear( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu shearfactor�
s u RawTurtle.shearfactorc C sK | | j | j } | t j d d t j } | j d d d | � d S( uI Rotate the turtleshape to point in the specified direction
Argument: angle -- number
Rotate the turtleshape to point in the direction specified by angle,
regardless of its current tilt-angle. DO NOT change the turtle's
heading (direction of movement).
Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.shape("circle")
>>> turtle.shapesize(5,2)
>>> turtle.settiltangle(45)
>>> stamp()
>>> turtle.fd(50)
>>> turtle.settiltangle(-45)
>>> stamp()
>>> turtle.fd(50)
g �f@i u
resizemodeu useru tiltN( u
_degreesPerAUu _angleOrientu mathu piu pen( u selfu angleu tilt( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu settiltangle s u RawTurtle.settiltanglec C sK | d k r: | j d t j | j } | | j | j S| j | � d S( u� Set or return the current tilt-angle.
Optional argument: angle -- number
Rotate the turtleshape to point in the direction specified by angle,
regardless of its current tilt-angle. DO NOT change the turtle's
heading (direction of movement).
If angle is not given: return the current tilt-angle, i. e. the angle
between the orientation of the turtleshape and the heading of the
turtle (its direction of movement).
Deprecated since Python 3.1
Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.shape("circle")
>>> turtle.shapesize(5,2)
>>> turtle.tilt(45)
>>> turtle.tiltangle()
g �f@N( u Noneu _tiltu mathu piu _angleOrientu
_degreesPerAUu _fullcircleu settiltangle( u selfu angleu tilt( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu tiltangle+ s u RawTurtle.tiltanglec C s | j | | j � � d S( u� Rotate the turtleshape by angle.
Argument:
angle - a number
Rotate the turtleshape by angle from its current tilt-angle,
but do NOT change the turtle's heading (direction of movement).
Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.shape("circle")
>>> turtle.shapesize(5,2)
>>> turtle.tilt(30)
>>> turtle.fd(50)
>>> turtle.tilt(30)
>>> turtle.fd(50)
N( u settiltangleu tiltangle( u selfu angle( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu tiltE s u RawTurtle.tiltc C s� | | k o- | k o- | k o- d k n r9 | j S| j \ } } } } | d k rc | } n | d k rx | } n | d k r� | } n | d k r� | } n | | | | d k r� t d � � n | | | | f | _ t j | | � d t j } t j | � t j | � }
} | | |
| | | |
| |
| | | |
| | | f \ } }
} } | | f | _ |
| | _ | | _
| j � d S( u� Set or return the current transformation matrix of the turtle shape.
Optional arguments: t11, t12, t21, t22 -- numbers.
If none of the matrix elements are given, return the transformation
matrix.
Otherwise set the given elements and transform the turtleshape
according to the matrix consisting of first row t11, t12 and
second row t21, 22.
Modify stretchfactor, shearfactor and tiltangle according to the
given matrix.
Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.shape("square")
>>> turtle.shapesize(4,2)
>>> turtle.shearfactor(-0.5)
>>> turtle.shapetransform()
(4.0, -1.0, -0.0, 2.0)
i u0 Bad shape transform matrix: must not be singulari N( u Noneu _shapetrafou TurtleGraphicsErroru mathu atan2u piu sinu cosu _stretchfactoru _shearfactoru _tiltu _update( u selfu t11u t12u t21u t22u m11u m12u m21u m22u alfau sau cau a11u a12u a21u a22( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu shapetransformX s, 2 0
u RawTurtle.shapetransformc s� | j � | j \ � � | j \ � � t � � � j � j � } d t | � | \ � � � � � � � f d d � | D� S( ul Computes transformed polygon shapes from a shape
according to current position and heading.
g �?c sQ g | ]G \ } } � � | � | � j � � | � | � j f � q S( ( u xscaleu yscale( u .0u xu y( u e0u e1u p0u p1u screen( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
<listcomp>� s u( RawTurtle._polytrafo.<locals>.<listcomp>( u screenu _positionu _orientu Vec2Du yscaleu xscaleu abs( u selfu polyu e( ( u e0u e1u p0u p1u screenu+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
_polytrafo� s u RawTurtle._polytrafoc C sE | j j | j j } | j d k rA | j | j | j d k � Sd S( u@ Return the current shape polygon as tuple of coordinate pairs.
No argument.
Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.shape("square")
>>> turtle.shapetransform(4, -1, 0, 2)
>>> turtle.get_shapepoly()
((50, -20), (30, 20), (-50, 20), (-30, -20))
u polygonu compoundN( u screenu _shapesu turtleu
shapeIndexu _typeu
_getshapepolyu _data( u selfu shape( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
get_shapepoly� s u RawTurtle.get_shapepolyc s� | j d k s | r- | j \ � � � � nY | j d k rs t d | j d � } | d d | f \ � � � � n | j d k r� | St � � � � f d d � | D� � S( u` Calculate transformed shape polygon according to resizemode
and shapetransform.
u useru autoi g @i u noresizec s: g | ]0 \ } } � | � | � | � | f � q S( ( ( u .0u xu y( u t11u t12u t21u t22( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
<listcomp>� s u+ RawTurtle._getshapepoly.<locals>.<listcomp>( u _resizemodeu _shapetrafou maxu _pensizeu tuple( u selfu polygonu compoundu l( ( u t11u t12u t21u t22u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
_getshapepoly� s !u RawTurtle._getshapepolyc C sd | j } | j | j j } | j } | j j } | j r�| j d k r�| j d k r�d | _
| j } | d k r| j d k r� d } n$ | j d k r� | j
} n | j } | j | j | � � } | j | j } } | j | | d | d | d | d d �q`| d
k r-| j | | j | � q`| d k r`x� t | | � D]m \ } \ }
} } | j | j |
d � � }
| j | |
d | j | � d | j | � d | j d d �qIWq`n� | j
r�d S| d k r�| j | d d
d
� ne | d
k r!| j | | j | j d j � n6 | d k rWx' | D] } | j | d d
d
� q4Wn d | _
d S( up Manages the correct rendering of the turtle with respect to
its shape, resizemode, stretch and tilt etc.i u polygonu noresizei u autou fillu outlineu widthu topu imageu compoundNu u blankFT( i i ( i i ( i i ( ( i i ( i i ( i i ( i i ( i i ( i i ( ( i i ( i i ( i i ( u screenu _shapesu turtleu
shapeIndexu _typeu _itemu _shownu _updatecounteru _tracingu Falseu _hidden_from_screenu _datau _resizemodeu _pensizeu
_outlinewidthu
_polytrafou
_getshapepolyu
_fillcoloru _pencoloru _drawpolyu Trueu
_drawimageu _positionu zipu _cc( u selfu screenu shapeu ttypeu titemu tshapeu wu fcu ocu itemu poly( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _drawturtle� sF ' % )
u RawTurtle._drawturtlec C s | j } | j | j j } | j } | j } | d k r� | j � } | j d k r^ d } n$ | j d k ry | j } n | j } | j
| j | � � } | j | j
} } | j | | d | d | d | d d
�n | d k r | j d
� } | j | | j | � n� | d k r�g } x' | D] } | j � }
| j |
� q%Wt | � } x� t | | � D]m \ }
\ } } } | j
| j | d
� � } | j |
| d | j | � d | j | � d | j d d
�qdWn | j j | � | j j d | f � | S( u� Stamp a copy of the turtleshape onto the canvas and return its id.
No argument.
Stamp a copy of the turtle shape onto the canvas at the current
turtle position. Return a stamp_id for that stamp, which can be
used to delete it by calling clearstamp(stamp_id).
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.color("blue")
>>> turtle.stamp()
13
>>> turtle.fd(50)
u polygonu noresizei u autou fillu outlineu widthu topu imageu u compoundu stampT( u screenu _shapesu turtleu
shapeIndexu _typeu _datau _createpolyu _resizemodeu _pensizeu
_outlinewidthu
_polytrafou
_getshapepolyu
_fillcoloru _pencoloru _drawpolyu Trueu _createimageu
_drawimageu _positionu appendu tupleu zipu _ccu
stampItemsu
undobufferu push( u selfu screenu shapeu ttypeu tshapeu stitemu wu fcu ocu elementu itemu poly( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu stamp� s>
% &u RawTurtle.stampc C s | | j k re t | t � rB x1 | D] } | j j | � q% Wn | j j | � | j j | � n d | f } | j } | | j k r� d S| j j | � } | j j | � | | j k r� | j d | j
| _ n | j j | j d | j
d g � d S( u9 does the work for clearstamp() and clearstamps()
u stampNi (
u
stampItemsu
isinstanceu tupleu screenu _deleteu removeu
undobufferu bufferu indexu ptru bufsizeu insertu None( u selfu stampidu subitemu itemu bufu index( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _clearstamp� s
u RawTurtle._clearstampc C s | j | � | j � d S( uD Delete stamp with given stampid
Argument:
stampid - an integer, must be return value of previous stamp() call.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.color("blue")
>>> astamp = turtle.stamp()
>>> turtle.fd(50)
>>> turtle.clearstamp(astamp)
N( u _clearstampu _update( u selfu stampid( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
clearstamp s
u RawTurtle.clearstampc C s� | d k r" | j d d � } n5 | d k rD | j d | � } n | j | d � } x | D] } | j | � q^ W| j � d S( u� Delete all or first/last n of turtle's stamps.
Optional argument:
n -- an integer
If n is None, delete all of pen's stamps,
else if n > 0 delete first n stamps
else if n < 0 delete last n stamps.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> for i in range(8):
... turtle.stamp(); turtle.fd(30)
...
>>> turtle.clearstamps(2)
>>> turtle.clearstamps(-2)
>>> turtle.clearstamps()
Ni ( u Noneu
stampItemsu _clearstampu _update( u selfu nu toDeleteu item( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu clearstamps$ s
u RawTurtle.clearstampsc
C sr | j | j | j t | j t � f } | j } d | j | | | j | j d d � | j
| j � | j d d � f f } | j r� | j j
| � n | j } | j r�| j d k r�| | } | d | j d | d | j d } d t | d d d | j | j � } | d | } x� t d | � D]s }
|
d k rOd } n d } | | |
| _ | j r�| j | j | | j f | j | j | � n | j � q4W| j r�| j | j d d
d d | j �q�n | j r�| j j | � n t | j t � r | j j | � n | | _ | j rB| j j | � n t | j � d
k rd| j � n | j � d S( u� Move the pen to the point end, thereby drawing a line
if pen is down. All other methods for turtle movement depend
on this one.
u goNi i i g �?i g�������?g �?u fillu u widthi* TF( i i ( i i ( ( i i ( i i ( u _drawingu _pencoloru _pensizeu
isinstanceu _fillpathu listu screenu _positionu currentLineItemu currentLineu
_pointlistu itemsu
undobufferu pushu _speedu _tracingu xscaleu yscaleu intu rangeu Trueu Falseu _drawlineu drawingLineItemu _updateu appendu
_creatingPolyu _polyu lenu _newLine( u selfu endu go_modesu screenu
undo_entryu startu diffu diffsqu nhopsu deltau nu top( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _goto@ sR
(*
u RawTurtle._gotoc s� | \ } } } } | \ } } } } | \ }
} } � | j � t | j | � d k re t d � n |
| _ | | _ | d d g k r� d }
n | }
� j |
| d |
d | �� � f d d � | j D� } x+ | D]# } � j | � | j j | � q� W| } | j
r2� j d k r2| | } | d � j d
| d � j
d
} d t | d d d | j
| j
� } | d
| } x{ t d | � D]j } | d k r�d } n d } | | | | _ | r�� j | j | | j f | | | � n | j � q�W| r2� j | j d d d d | �q2n | | _ | j r�t | j � d k ri| j j � n | j g k r�d | _ d | _ q�n | r�| j g k r�d | _ t d � q�| j d k r�| j j � q�n | j � d S( u) Reverse a _goto. Used for undo()
g �?u$ undogoto: HALLO-DA-STIMMT-WAS-NICHT!i u u fillu widthc s7 g | ]- } | � k r � j | � d k r | � q S( u line( u _type( u .0u i( u itemsu screen( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
<listcomp>� s u' RawTurtle._undogoto.<locals>.<listcomp>i i i g�������?g �?u Unwahrscheinlich in _undogoto!N( i i ( i i TF( i i ( i i ( ( i i ( i i ( u screenu absu _positionu printu currentLineItemu currentLineu _drawlineu itemsu _deleteu removeu _speedu _tracingu xscaleu yscaleu intu rangeu Trueu Falseu drawingLineItemu _updateu
_creatingPolyu lenu _polyu popu Noneu _fillpath( u selfu entryu oldu newu go_modesu coodatau drawingu pcu psu fillingu cLIu cLu plu usepcu todeleteu iu startu diffu diffsqu nhopsu deltau nu top( ( u itemsu screenu+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _undogotou sb
(*
u RawTurtle._undogotoc C s� | j r( | j j d | | j f � n | | j 9} | j j | � } | j j } | d k r� | j d k r� d | j } d t t | � | � } d | | } x6 t
| � D]% } | j j | � | _ | j � q� Wn | | _ | j � d S( u& Turns pen clockwise by angle.
u roti i g @g �?N( u
undobufferu pushu
_degreesPerAUu _orientu rotateu screenu _tracingu _speedu intu absu rangeu _update( u selfu angleu neworientu tracingu anglevelu stepsu deltau _( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _rotate� s
u RawTurtle._rotatec C s� t | j � d k rb | j j | j | j | j | j � | j j � | _ | j j | j � n | j j | j d d �g | _ | r� | j g | _ n d S( u� Closes current line item and starts a new one.
Remark: if current line became too long, animation
performance (via _drawline) slowed down considerably.
i u topNT( u lenu currentLineu screenu _drawlineu currentLineItemu _pencoloru _pensizeu _createlineu itemsu appendu Trueu _position( u selfu usePos( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _newLine� s u RawTurtle._newLinec C s t | j t � S( u Return fillstate (True if filling, False else).
No argument.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.begin_fill()
>>> if turtle.filling():
... turtle.pensize(5)
... else:
... turtle.pensize(3)
( u
isinstanceu _fillpathu list( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu filling� s u RawTurtle.fillingc C s� | j � s4 | j j � | _ | j j | j � n | j g | _ | j � | j rr | j j
d | j f � n | j � d S( u Called just before drawing a shape to be filled.
No argument.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.color("black", "red")
>>> turtle.begin_fill()
>>> turtle.circle(60)
>>> turtle.end_fill()
u beginfillN( u fillingu screenu _createpolyu _fillitemu itemsu appendu _positionu _fillpathu _newLineu
undobufferu pushu _update( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
begin_fill� s
u RawTurtle.begin_fillc C s� | j � r� t | j � d k rk | j j | j | j d | j �| j rk | j j d | j f � qk n d | _ | _ | j
� n d S( u Fill the shape drawn after the call begin_fill().
No argument.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.color("black", "red")
>>> turtle.begin_fill()
>>> turtle.circle(60)
>>> turtle.end_fill()
i u fillu dofillN( u fillingu lenu _fillpathu screenu _drawpolyu _fillitemu
_fillcoloru
undobufferu pushu Noneu _update( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu end_fill� s
u RawTurtle.end_fillc G s� | st t | t t f � rF | j | � } | j t | j d � } q� | j } | s� | j t | j d � } q� n7 | d k r� | j t | j d � } n | j | � } t | j d � r
| j j
| j | | � } | j j
| � | j r�| j j d | f � q�n� | j � } | j rD| j j d g � d | j _ n zT | j � d k rf| j � n | j � | j | � | j | � | j d � Wd | j | � X| j r�d | j _ n d S(
u� Draw a dot with diameter size, using color.
Optional arguments:
size -- an integer >= 1 (if given)
color -- a colorstring or a numeric color tuple
Draw a circular dot with diameter size, using color.
If size is not given, the maximum of pensize+4 and 2*pensize is used.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.dot()
>>> turtle.fd(50); turtle.dot(20, "blue"); turtle.fd(50)
i u _dotu dotu sequ autoi NTF( u
isinstanceu stru tupleu _colorstru _pensizeu maxu _pencoloru Noneu hasattru screenu _dotu _positionu itemsu appendu
undobufferu pushu penu Trueu cumulateu
resizemodeu htu pendownu pensizeu pencoloru forwardu False( u selfu sizeu coloru itemu pen( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu dot
s:
u
RawTurtle.dotc C s` | j j | j | | | | j � \ } } | j j | � | j r\ | j j d | f � n | S( u) Performs the writing for write()
u wri( u screenu _writeu _positionu _pencoloru itemsu appendu
undobufferu push( u selfu txtu alignu fontu itemu end( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _write?
s u RawTurtle._writeu leftu Ariali u normalc C s� | j r+ | j j d g � d | j _ n | j t | � | j � | � } | rw | j � \ } } | j | | � n | j r� d | j _ n d S( u� Write text at the current turtle position.
Arguments:
arg -- info, which is to be written to the TurtleScreen
move (optional) -- True/False
align (optional) -- one of the strings "left", "center" or right"
font (optional) -- a triple (fontname, fontsize, fonttype)
Write text - the string representation of arg - at the current
turtle position according to align ("left", "center" or right")
and with the given font.
If move is True, the pen is moved to the bottom-right corner
of the text. By default, move is False.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.write('Home = ', True, align="center")
>>> turtle.write((0,0), True)
u seqNTF(
u
undobufferu pushu Trueu cumulateu _writeu stru loweru posu setposu False( u selfu argu moveu alignu fontu endu xu y( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu writeI
s ! u RawTurtle.writec C s | j g | _ d | _ d S( u Start recording the vertices of a polygon.
No argument.
Start recording the vertices of a polygon. Current turtle position
is first point of polygon.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.begin_poly()
NT( u _positionu _polyu Trueu
_creatingPoly( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
begin_polyf
s u RawTurtle.begin_polyc C s
d | _ d S( u7 Stop recording the vertices of a polygon.
No argument.
Stop recording the vertices of a polygon. Current turtle position is
last point of polygon. This will be connected with the first point.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.end_poly()
NF( u Falseu
_creatingPoly( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu end_polyt
s u RawTurtle.end_polyc C s | j d k r t | j � Sd S( u� Return the lastly recorded polygon.
No argument.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> p = turtle.get_poly()
>>> turtle.register_shape("myFavouriteShape", p)
N( u _polyu Noneu tuple( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu get_poly�
s
u RawTurtle.get_polyc C s | j S( u� Return the TurtleScreen object, the turtle is drawing on.
No argument.
Return the TurtleScreen object, the turtle is drawing on.
So TurtleScreen-methods can be called for that object.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> ts = turtle.getscreen()
>>> ts
<turtle.TurtleScreen object at 0x0106B770>
>>> ts.bgcolor("pink")
( u screen( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu getscreen�
s u RawTurtle.getscreenc C s | S( uU Return the Turtleobject itself.
No argument.
Only reasonable use: as a function to return the 'anonymous turtle':
Example:
>>> pet = getturtle()
>>> pet.fd(50)
>>> pet
<turtle.Turtle object at 0x0187D810>
>>> turtles()
[<turtle.Turtle object at 0x0187D810>]
( ( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu getturtle�
s u RawTurtle.getturtlec C s | j j | � S( uD Set delay value which determines speed of turtle animation.
( u screenu delay( u selfu delay( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _delay�
s u RawTurtle._delayi c C s- | j j | j j | | | � | j � d S( u� Bind fun to mouse-click event on this turtle on canvas.
Arguments:
fun -- a function with two arguments, to which will be assigned
the coordinates of the clicked point on the canvas.
num -- number of the mouse-button defaults to 1 (left mouse button).
add -- True or False. If True, new binding will be added, otherwise
it will replace a former binding.
Example for the anonymous turtle, i. e. the procedural way:
>>> def turn(x, y):
... left(360)
...
>>> onclick(turn) # Now clicking into the turtle will turn it.
>>> onclick(None) # event-binding will be removed
N( u screenu _onclicku turtleu _itemu _update( u selfu funu btnu add( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu onclick�
s u RawTurtle.onclickc C s- | j j | j j | | | � | j � d S( u� Bind fun to mouse-button-release event on this turtle on canvas.
Arguments:
fun -- a function with two arguments, to which will be assigned
the coordinates of the clicked point on the canvas.
num -- number of the mouse-button defaults to 1 (left mouse button).
Example (for a MyTurtle instance named joe):
>>> class MyTurtle(Turtle):
... def glow(self,x,y):
... self.fillcolor("red")
... def unglow(self,x,y):
... self.fillcolor("")
...
>>> joe = MyTurtle()
>>> joe.onclick(joe.glow)
>>> joe.onrelease(joe.unglow)
Clicking on joe turns fillcolor red, unclicking turns it to
transparent.
N( u screenu
_onreleaseu turtleu _itemu _update( u selfu funu btnu add( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu onrelease�
s u RawTurtle.onreleasec C s# | j j | j j | | | � d S( u� Bind fun to mouse-move event on this turtle on canvas.
Arguments:
fun -- a function with two arguments, to which will be assigned
the coordinates of the clicked point on the canvas.
num -- number of the mouse-button defaults to 1 (left mouse button).
Every sequence of mouse-move-events on a turtle is preceded by a
mouse-click event on that turtle.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> turtle.ondrag(turtle.goto)
Subsequently clicking and dragging a Turtle will move it
across the screen thereby producing handdrawings (if pen is
down).
N( u screenu _ondragu turtleu _item( u selfu funu btnu add( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu ondrag�
s u RawTurtle.ondragc C s� | j d k r d S| d k rV | \ } } | j | | | j � | j j � } n>| d k r| | d } | j | � n| d k r� | j | � n� | d k r� | d } | j j | � | j j
| � n� | d k r | d } | j j | d d d
d d
�n� | d k rd| d } d | _ | _
| | j k r�| j j | � | j j
| � q�n0 | d
k r�t j | | d � | j j � n d S( u2 Does the main part of the work for undo()
Nu rotu stampi u gou wriu dotu dofillu fillu u outlineu beginfillu pen( u wriu dot( i i ( i i ( i i ( ( i i ( i i ( i i ( u
undobufferu Noneu _rotateu
_degreesPerAUu popu
clearstampu _undogotou screenu _deleteu itemsu removeu _drawpolyu _fillitemu _fillpathu TPenu pen( u selfu actionu datau angleu degPAUu dummyu stitemu item( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _undo�
s8
u RawTurtle._undoc C s� | j d k r d S| j j � } | d } | d d � } | d k r� xG | r~ | j � } | j | d | d d � � qK Wn | j | | � d S( u� undo (repeatedly) the last turtle action.
No argument.
undo (repeatedly) the last turtle action.
Number of available undo actions is determined by the size of
the undobuffer.
Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle):
>>> for i in range(4):
... turtle.fd(50); turtle.lt(80)
...
>>> for i in range(8):
... turtle.undo()
...
Ni i u seq( u
undobufferu Noneu popu _undo( u selfu itemu actionu data( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu undo s
%u RawTurtle.undoNFT( u Ariali u normal(< u __name__u
__module__u __qualname__u __doc__u screensu Noneu _CFGu __init__u resetu
setundobufferu undobufferentriesu _clearu clearu _update_datau _updateu _traceru _coloru _colorstru _ccu cloneu shapeu shapesizeu shearfactoru settiltangleu tiltangleu tiltu shapetransformu
_polytrafou
get_shapepolyu Falseu
_getshapepolyu _drawturtleu stampu _clearstampu
clearstampu clearstampsu _gotou _undogotou _rotateu Trueu _newLineu fillingu
begin_fillu end_fillu dotu _writeu writeu
begin_polyu end_polyu get_polyu getscreenu getturtleu getpenu _delayu onclicku onreleaseu ondragu _undou undou
turtlesize( u
__locals__( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu RawTurtle� sp %
(( (
( - 5 A 0
c C s% t j d k r t � t _ n t j S( u� Return the singleton screen object.
If none exists at the moment, create a new one and return it,
else return the existing one.N( u Turtleu _screenu Noneu _Screen( ( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu ScreenA s c B s� | Ee Z d Z d Z d Z e d Z d d � Z e d e d e d e d d d � Z d
d � Z
d d
� Z d d � Z d d � Z
d S( u _Screenu titlec C s� t j d k rK t � t _ | _ | j j t j � | j j | j � n t j d k r� t d } t d } t d } t d } t d } t d } | j j
| | | | � | j j � t _ t j
| t j � | j | | | | � n d S( Nu widthu heightu canvwidthu
canvheightu leftrightu topbottom( u _Screenu _rootu Noneu _Rootu titleu _titleu ondestroyu _destroyu _canvasu _CFGu setupcanvasu
_getcanvasu TurtleScreenu __init__u setup( u selfu widthu heightu canvwidthu
canvheightu leftrightu topbottom( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu __init__O s
u _Screen.__init__u widthu heightu leftrightu topbottomc C s t | j d � s d S| j j � } | j j � } t | t � rl d | k oZ d k n rl | | } n | d k r� | | d } n t | t � r� d | k o� d k n r� | | } n | d k r� | | d } n | j j | | | | � | j � d S( u Set the size and position of the main window.
Arguments:
width: as integer a size in pixels, as float a fraction of the screen.
Default is 50% of screen.
height: as integer the height in pixels, as float a fraction of the
screen. Default is 75% of screen.
startx: if positive, starting position in pixels from the left
edge of the screen, if negative from the right edge
Default, startx=None is to center window horizontally.
starty: if positive, starting position in pixels from the top
edge of the screen, if negative from the bottom edge
Default, starty=None is to center window vertically.
Examples (for a Screen instance named screen):
>>> screen.setup (width=200, height=200, startx=0, starty=0)
sets window to 200x200 pixels, in upper left of screen
>>> screen.setup(width=.75, height=0.5, startx=None, starty=None)
sets window to 75% of screen by 50% of screen and centers
u set_geometryNi i i ( u hasattru _rootu win_widthu
win_heightu
isinstanceu floatu Noneu set_geometryu update( u selfu widthu heightu startxu startyu swu sh( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu setupe s +
+
u
_Screen.setupc C s/ t j d k r" t j j | � n | t _ d S( uq Set title of turtle-window
Argument:
titlestring -- a string, to appear in the titlebar of the
turtle graphics window.
This is a method of Screen-class. Not available for TurtleScreen-
objects.
Example (for a Screen instance named screen):
>>> screen.title("Welcome to the turtle-zoo!")
N( u _Screenu _rootu Noneu titleu _title( u selfu titlestring( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu title� s
u
_Screen.titlec C sV | j } | t j k r? d t _ d t _ d t _ d t _ n d t _ | j
� d S( NT( u _rootu _Screenu Noneu Turtleu _penu _screenu _canvasu Trueu TurtleScreenu _RUNNINGu destroy( u selfu root( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _destroy� s u _Screen._destroyc C s | j � d S( u~ Shut the turtlegraphics window.
Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen):
>>> screen.bye()
N( u _destroy( u self( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu bye� s u _Screen.byec s[ � f d d � } � j | � t d r- d Sy t � Wn t k
rV t d � Yn Xd S( ul Go into mainloop until the mouse is clicked.
No arguments.
Bind bye() method to mouseclick on TurtleScreen.
If "using_IDLE" - value in configuration dictionary is False
(default value), enter mainloop.
If IDLE with -n switch (no subprocess) is used, this value should be
set to True in turtle.cfg. In this case IDLE's mainloop
is active also for the client script.
This is a method of the Screen-class and not available for
TurtleScreen instances.
Example (for a Screen instance named screen):
>>> screen.exitonclick()
c s � j � d S( u& Screen.bye() with two dummy-parametersN( u bye( u xu y( u self( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu exitGracefully� s u+ _Screen.exitonclick.<locals>.exitGracefullyu
using_IDLENi ( u onclicku _CFGu mainloopu AttributeErroru exit( u selfu exitGracefully( ( u selfu+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu exitonclick� s
u _Screen.exitonclickN( u __name__u
__module__u __qualname__u Noneu _rootu _canvasu _CFGu _titleu __init__u setupu titleu _destroyu byeu exitonclick( u
__locals__( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _ScreenI s
'
u _Screenc B sG | Ee Z d Z d Z d Z d Z e d e d e d d d � Z d S( u Turtleu� RawTurtle auto-creating (scrolled) canvas.
When a Turtle object is created or a function derived from some
Turtle method is called a TurtleScreen object is automatically created.
u shapeu undobuffersizeu visiblec C sG t j d k r t � t _ n t j | t j d | d | d | �d S( Nu shapeu undobuffersizeu visible( u Turtleu _screenu Noneu Screenu RawTurtleu __init__( u selfu shapeu undobuffersizeu visible( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu __init__� s u Turtle.__init__N( u __name__u
__module__u __qualname__u __doc__u Noneu _penu _screenu _CFGu __init__( u
__locals__( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu Turtle� s c C s% t j d k r t � t _ n t j S( u5 Create the 'anonymous' turtle if not already present.N( u Turtleu _penu None( ( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu _getpen� s u _getpenc C s% t j d k r t � t _ n t j S( u- Create a TurtleScreen if not already present.N( u Turtleu _screenu Noneu Screen( ( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
_getscreen� s u
_getscreenu turtle_docstringdictc C s9 i } x+ t D]# } d | } t | � j | | <q
Wx+ t D]# } d | } t | � j | | <q; Wt d | d � } t d d � | j � D� � } | j d � xD | d d � D]2 } | j d
t | � � | j d | | � q� W| d } | j d
t | � � | j d | | � | j d
� | j � d S( u� Create and write docstring-dictionary to file.
Optional argument:
filename -- a string, used as filename
default value is turtle_docstringdict
Has to be called explicitly, (not used by the turtle-graphics classes)
The docstring dictionary will be written to the Python script <filname>.py
It is intended to serve as a template for translation of the docstrings
into different languages.
u _Screen.u Turtle.u %s.pyu wc S s/ g | ]% } | j d � d t k r | � q S( u .i ( u splitu _alias_list( u .0u x( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu
<listcomp> s u' write_docstringdict.<locals>.<listcomp>u docsdict = {
Ni u %s :
u """%s
""",
u """%s
"""
u }
i����i����(
u _tg_screen_functionsu evalu __doc__u _tg_turtle_functionsu openu sortedu keysu writeu repru close( u filenameu docsdictu
methodnameu keyu fu keys( ( u+ /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/turtle.pyu write_docstringdict� s$
c
C sq d i | j � d 6} t | � } | j } x> | D]6 } y | | t | � _ Wq3 t d | � Yq3 Xq3 Wd S( u� Read in docstrings from lang-specific docstring dictionary.
Transfer docstrings, translated to lang, from a dictionary-file
to the methods of classes Screen and Turtle and - in revised form -
to the corresponding functions.
u! turtle_docstringdict_%(language)su languageu Bad docstring-entry: %sN( u loweru
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